Economics of Green Buildings - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Economics of Green Buildings

27

th

April 2012

Dr.

Hina

Zia,

TERI New Delhi

Slide2

The Present

Construction sector contributes to 12% of India’s GDP and growing at 9.2%

Residential/commercial sector accounts for >30% of total electricity consumption

Domestic water consumption is 30 billion m3 and projected increase to 111 billion m3 by 2050

Only 27% of waste water generated in urban India is treated

Construction industry generates 12 million tonnes of waste annually and

42 million metric tonnes (MMT) of solid waste is generated daily in the urban areas of the country

Slide3

Environmentally benign buildings are the need of the hour

It is our responsibility to provide a healthy and resource efficient urban environment, not only for us but also, for generations to come

How can green buildings help?

Slide4

Green buildings

- have minimal impact on their site

and surroundings

- and improve the micro-climate through better tree cover, cooler ambient temperatures, shading, etc.

Slide5

- are energy efficient (minimize electricity and fuel consumption) and maximize use of renewable

sources of energy (solar, wind, etc.)

- and can save energy by 40-50%

Green buildings

Slide6

Use very less water and promote

recycling and reuse of water

Enable solid waste segregation,

management and generation of

resources from wastes

Save water by up to 40% and

promote maximum recycling and reuse of waste

Green buildings

Slide7

Green buildings

Have minimal negative impact on people

Catalyse

healthy and productive work environment

Slide8

Green Building/Sustainable buildings

A green building is a sustainable building, designed, constructed and operated to

minimise

the total environmental impacts while enhancing user comfort and productivity.

An integrated approach looking at following aspects of the building design:

Site planning

Building envelope designBuilding system design (HVAC, lighting, electrical and water heating)Integration of renewable energy sources to generate energy onsite

Water and waste managementSelection of ecologically sustainable materials

Indoor environmental quality

Slide9

Tools and techniques to promote green buildings

Minimum Energy/Building performance Standards

Appliances/Equipment

Buildings

Labeling

of Energy PerformanceAppliances/EquipmentBuildings

Green Building rating & CertificationFinancial IncentivesIndustry-capacity buildingCenters of excellence

Energy performance benchmarkingSponsored R & DBuilding Audit Programs

Leading-by-example programsDemonstration buildingsConsumer awareness raising

Policy Enforcement infrastructure

Slide10

GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India

What gets measured gets managed

Slide11

Set of 34 criteria

100 (+4 innovation points) point system with differential weightage on various criteria

51 - 60

61 - 70

71 - 80

81- 90

91- 100

Highlights

Slide12

Weightage based on our National Priorities

GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points

Slide13

Key highlights of GRIHA

Sets out guidelines for design, construction and operation

Combination of

qualitative

and

quantitative criteriaSets

performances benchmarks for key resources like, energy and waterFacilitates integration of traditional knowledge

on architecture with present day technologyIntegrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g

National building code 2005, Energy Conservation Building Code 2007, IS codes)Is in complete

alignment with government policies and programs

(

e.g

Environmental clearance by the

MoEF

)

Building types

Commercial/Institutional

Residential

5 climatic zones

Hot – Dry

Warm – Humid

Composite

Temperate

Cold

Slide14

Building Envelope impact on Energy Performance

Slide15

Energy Efficient Envelope-Wall

9 inch Brick Wall

+

1 inch cement plaster on both sides

U Value- 0.32

btu

/f2/hr/

degF

9 inch Brick Wall

+

1 inch plaster on both sides

+

3 inch Insulation

U Value- 0.07

btu

/f2/hr/

degF

Conventional case

Energy Efficient Case

WALL

Slide16

Energy Efficient Envelope-Roof

U Value- 0.40

btu

/ft2/hr/

degF

U Value- 0.07

btu

/ft2/hr/

degF

Conventional case

Energy Efficient Case

Roof

4 inch brick

coba

1 inch plaster

+

1 inch brick tile

+

8 inch RCC

4 inch brick

coba

1 inch plaster

+

1 inch brick tile

+

8 inch RCC

3 inch insulation

+

Slide17

Energy Efficient Envelope-Glass

U Value- 1.087

btu

/ft2/hr/

degF

SHGC – 0.815

U Value- 0.58

btu

/ft2/hr/

degF

SHGC – 0.25 for WWR <40%

Conventional case

Energy Efficient Case

GLASS

Slide18

Impact of Efficient Envelope

Base Case

225

32 %

Efficient Envelope

153

Impact on Cooling load (TR)

Base Case

213

24 %

Efficient Envelope

163

Impact on EPI (kWh/m2/yr)

Slide19

GRIHA Compliant Building: ECBC +

37%

45%

ECBC Compliance:

Insulation

High Performance glass

Controls

Efficient electrical , mechanical and lighting systems

Incremental cost: 15%

Payback period < 5 years

GRIHA Compliance:

ECBC +

Passive principles (shading, orientation, controlled glass area)

Higher indoor design conditions (higher by 1 deg C)

Optimized lighting design

Little incremental cost:2-5% or lesser

Payback period: < 4 years

kWh/yr

Slide20

Moving towards net zero energy building…

Renewable Energy (solar hot water integration and solar PV integration)

Energy efficient design (ECBC + low energy/passive strategies)

+

GRIHA approach (combine ECBC with traditional wisdom and normative requirements of National Building Code)

Promote through several schemes of the MNRE

BEE program on implementation of ECBC, Star rated Appliances

Slide21

EPI >250

EPI <200

EPI <150

EPI Unit is kWh/m2/annum

Trend in Energy Performance Index

Slide22

Are green/griha buildings expensive?

Slide23

First 5 star rated GRIHA building in IIT Kanpur

Trees preserved and protected

Outdoor solar lights

N-S Orientation with shading (roof/window)

Lesser paving

Solar PV and Solar Thermal systems

Slide24

Impact of Energy Efficiency measures on costs

Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (35

lacs

)

High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 12.5

lacs)Roof insulation(Incremental cost of Rs 7 lacs

)Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of Rs 9 lacs)

High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 34 TR which is 30% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was a decrease in cost by about Rs 4 lacs)

Earth air tunnel (Rs 11 lacs)Annual energy savings :

Rs 18.5

lacs

Payback: < 2 years

Built up area is 4240 sqm of which 1912 sqm is air conditioned

Slide25

Annual Energy Savings

EPI = 240 kWh/m

2

per annum

EPI = 208 kWh/m

2

per annum

EPI = 133 kWh/m

2

per annum

EPI = 168 kWh/m

2

per annum

EPI = 98 kWh/m

2

per annum

Initial energy performance

Final energy performance

61% savings

Envelope optimisation

Lighting optimisation

Efficient chiller

Controls for HVAC system

Slide26

S P Infocity, Manesar

Spazzio Design Architecture Limited

Slide27

IT park in Delhi

Key energy efficiency features that added to cost (1

crore

)

High performance glazing (Incremental cost of Rs 79 lacs

)Roof insulation(Incremental cost of 5 lacs)Efficient lighting with controls(incremental cost of 7.7

lacs)High efficiency chillers/pumps/fans (about 108 TR which is 25% of total tonnage was saved, hence there was only a marginal increase in cost by about 8.6

lacs)Annual energy savings : 60

lacs

Built up area is 10400 sqm of which 7050 sqm is air conditioned

Slide28

Slide29

Comparison of initial cost ( per sq.m.) of Green vs conventional buildings

Slide30

Building envelope: 39% Systems: 35%

Lighting & control: 15% Towards green rating: 12%

Components of green building cost increment

Slide31

Financial feasibility assessment of Green Buildings

Life cycle cost of Green buildings is lower as compared to conventional buildings

Slide32

Financial feasibility assessment of Green Buildings

Discounted payback periods ranging from 1 to 3 years

Slide33

Are Green Buildings Costly??

2000

Rs/

sqft

200 kWh/m

2

-yr

350 kWh/m

2

-yr

3000~4000

Rs/

sqft

210 kWh/m

2

-yr

40% reduction

4000~4500

Rs/

sqft

120 kWh/m

2

-yr

2500

Rs/

sqft

40% reduction