By: Shelly - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

By: Shelly FlorisJanelle SikmaTiffany VanWinkoop

King William’s War/ Queen Anne’s WarSlide2

William of Orange became king of England when King James II was disposed. Called the “Glorious Revolution”.William joined the League of Augsburg.This is where the war got its other name, “War of the Grand Alliance,”

King William’s War

Remember meSlide3

The League of Augsburg also called the Grand Alliance, consisted of Austria, Bavaria, England, the Holy Roman Empire, Portugal, Scotland, Spain, Sweden…etc vs France. All these nations formed to stop Louis XIV’s attempt to expand France.

Causes of War

VS

What did I do?Slide4

King William’s war was fought in North America between 1689-1697The Dominion of New England (Iroquois, Mohawk) was against New France(Abeneki, Pennecook, Huron)The people were fighting mostly for control of the fur trade

New England’s Catholic governor was

deposed in 1689 but he had raided

French colonies.

War in North America

Edmund Andros, the “governor”Slide5

Abenaki and Pennacock Indians under French commands raided Dover, New Hampshire.They killed more than 20 and took 29 captives.Jean-Vincent d'Abbadie

de Saint-

Castin

(lets hope no one has a longer name than that) in retaliation to Governor Andros’ attack, raided

Pemaquid (Near Maine).War in North America

Here

HereSlide6

Colonel Benjamin Church (English) after fighting in King Phillip’s war, led an expedition to present day Maine…The only successful campaign was defending Falmouth, present day Portland.The Retaliations

Look at me, I’m awesomeSlide7

In August of 1689, the Iroquois attacked Lachine a French Settlement.The governor of New France then attacked an Iroquois settlement of Onondaga.New France led several other attacks the most notable being the Schenectady Massacre.

The RetaliationsSlide8

200 Frenchmen along with Algonquin and Sault raiders went from Montreal to English outposts.The Stockade of Schenectady was left unguarded. 60 were killed and 27 taken prisoner.The Schenectady Massacre Slide9

In 1690 Port Royal was attacked by the English.The English had 736 men verses France’s 80.The English won, obviously… but one of the men defending was Pierre Maisonnat dit

Baptiste

… we’ll come back to him later…

Attack on Port Royal

One of his ships… though I don’t think it was green or purple…Slide10

The only major English attack was the Quebec expedition in October of 1690. It was an attempt to seize Montreal, New France’s capital.William Phips the English commander sent an envoy to Louis de Buade de Frontenac.

The Quebec expeditionSlide11

The location had rocky cliffs and shallow waters, bad for boats.Frontenac was smart in saying, “I have no reply to make to your general other than from the mouths of my cannons and muskets.”

The Quebec expedition

Notice this comes from a guy in a powdered wigSlide12

34 ships surrounded Quebec, as the fighting last three days.The cold drove the fleet away, otherwise they’d be frozen onto the waterOverall 150 attackers were killed, as they licked their wounds and went home.

The Quebec expeditionSlide13

In 1696, the French and Abenaki and our old friend Pierre Maisonnat dit Baptiste

besieged

Pemaquid

…again.Benjamin Church in retaliation, attacked Acadian communities… and

Baptiste defended.

The Final Retaliation

Look at me, I’m still awesome!Slide14

In 1697 the English and French came together for the Treaty of Ryswick.This treaty stated that every town captured before William of Orange came to power was to be restored.France surrendered several towns to the Holy Roman Empire.

Peace?

The treaty, in French?Slide15

France was given Haiti (which is why they speak French) and Nova Scotia.In North America nothing was solved and every city returned to its original country.For the Iroquois, loses were hardest

because of weak English allies.

All in all, nothing was solved.

Peace?

Oh, sorry, Bourbon got Spain… besides that…Slide16

Queen Anne’s war

Yes we know she’s ugly.. There’s nothing we can do about thatSlide17

Also called “The War of the Spanish Succession”War was fought from 1702-1713The problem was the conflict on who should be the successor to the Spanish throne, hence the name.

The Beginnings

?Slide18

Another issue came up.Leopold I, the Holy Roman Emperor wanted to protect the claim to the Spanish inheritance.And Louis XIV still wanted to expand France…Also, unresolved issues from

King William’s war came up.

The Beginnings

Leopold ISlide19

The English fought in many different places in North America:Spanish Florida and the English Province of CarolinaNew England and AcadiaQuebec

Newfoundland

After all these battles came peace and the end of the war.

Battles



Quebec expedition

These two were the main battlesSlide20

Alexandre Leneuf de La Vallière de Beaubassin (we found a winner!) led attacks against New England (and many others joined)

Many different raids between French, English, and the natives continued until the end of the war.

New England tried to take Acadia, led by Benjamin Church

British finally captured Port Royal,

Acadia’s capital.

In New England and Acadia

I didn’t capture it… but I’ll smile anyhow!Slide21

In 1704 England made an unsuccessful attack by sea and another in 1707.Three years later the British decided to help.Francis Nicholson led a third attack, this time capturing Port Royal, changing the name to Annapolis for Queen Anne, and Acadia to Nova Scotia.

Capture of Port RoyalSlide22

In 1709 Colonel Nicholson and Samuel Vetch along with the queen planned an attacked on Montreal.They wanted to arrive overland and by sea by Lake Champlain .The land expedition arrived but…However the promised naval fleet never arrived and so they didn’t attack.

Expeditions against Quebec Slide23

The plan for 1711 again called for land and sea-based attacks; its execution was a disaster.Colonel Nicholson, Hovenden Walker and Samuel Vetch organized the assault.The plan was Walker would oversee the entire expedition;

Vetch would go by sea and

Nicholson by land.

Expeditions against Quebec

If at first you don’t succeed.. Try, try, and fail again!Slide24

A large east wind brought the ships west.Thinking they were going north, the captain did not realize they were heading near the rocks.740 died and eight ships were lost.Land battalion left upon hearing the loss.Considered at the time one of the worst naval disasters in British history.

Expeditions against QuebecSlide25

In 1712, Britain and France made a final peace agreement which was signed the following yearCalled “

Treaty of Utrecht

”

King Louis XIV’s grandson Philip became king of Spain

but had to give up his claim on the French throne.

Treaty of UtrechtSlide26

Charles VI remained Holy Roman Emperor.Spanish Empire also divided.Savoy received Sicily and parts of the Dutchy of MilanHoly Roman Empire received the

Spanish Netherlands, the Kingdom

of Naples, Sardinia and most of the

Dutchy of Milan.Treaty of Utrecht

Someone doesn’t look very happySlide27

France gave England its claims to Hudson Bay territories in Rupert’s land, Newfoundland, and Acadia.France was also forced to recognized England’s power over the Iroquois.Treaty of UtrechtSlide28

European control in North AmericaSlide29

French fortress built at Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, CanadaThe original fortress, constructed mainly between 1720 and 1740It was one of the most extensive (and expensive) European fortifications constructed

in North America.

The Fortress of LouisbourgSlide30

Because of the treaty, England had most of Acadia.However, the French still kept most of their colonies of Île Royale, Île St-Jean (PEI), Canada and Louisiana.Île

Royale was their only land on the Atlantic seaboard, and so to fortify it built the fortress of

Louisbourg

.

It guarded the entrance to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and became a winter port for French navel forcesThe Fortress of Louisbourg

The plans for construction