Fridoon Jawad Ahmad King Edward Medical University A Few Decades Ago Currently In a Few Decades Why Personalized Medicine Not only we are different physically We are also different biochemically ID: 775167
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Slide1
Personalized Medicine
Prof. Dr.
Fridoon
Jawad
Ahmad
King Edward Medical University
Slide2A Few Decades Ago
Slide3Currently
Slide4In a Few Decades
Slide5Why Personalized Medicine
Not only we are different physically.We are also different biochemically.
Slide6Three Categories of Human Diseases
Genetically Determined
Determined by both Genetic and Environmental Factors
Environmentally Determined
Slide7Genetically Determined
Genetically determined diseases are hereditary and are passed on from one generation to next.
For example
hemophilia
, cystic fibrosis some types of cancers and probably the one most people here would have heard of thalassemia.
Slide8Determined by both Genetic and Environmental Factors
Many common human diseases are “multifactorial” which have two components
Genetic factor + Environmental Factor
Diabetes and hypertension classical examples of this category
Envoirnmental
factors can change gene expression
Slide9Environmentally Determined
Such diseases are caused by environmental agent such as an allergen or a pathogen.
If look carefully even diseases considered caused by purely environmental influences may also have a genetic component e.g. asthma & susceptibility to certain microbial infections.
Slide10The Common Denominator
GENETIC
Implies the sequence DNA of patient
Know thy sequence
Likelihood
Slide11The Detection
Slide12Where Are My MinIONs
Slide13MinIONs to the Rescue
Slide14The principle
Slide15Full Genome Sequencing
Slide16The PCR Amplification Cycle
1 cycle = 3 steps
Slide17Animation
Slide18Knowing the Recipe Book Enough?
Slide19Do Have
L
ive
W
ith
O
ur
G
enes?
C
lustered
R
egularly
I
nterspaced
S
hort
P
alindromic
R
epeats
Slide20The Cellular Approach
Slide21Stem Cells
1) Stem cells are unspecialized cells that renew themselves.2) Under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, Stem cells can be induced to become cells with special functions.
Embryonic
Adult
Customized
Slide22Customized Stem Cells
Slide23iPSCs
Expression
of 4 genes in some cells can transform them into pluripotent stem cells
.
Cord Blood Stem Cells
Slide24Put Your Future In The Bank
Which Bank?
No tissue banking facilities in Pakistan.
Why the Banks?
Blood cancers
Tissue replacement & engineering
Slide25Organ Engineering
Slide26Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU
Slide27Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU
Ghazala Butt and Mehmood Chodhry
Slide28Biomedical Sciences @ KEMU
Mustahsan Basheer and Mehmood Chodhry
Slide29Future is Now
In just the last two years, the FDA approved four cancer drugs for use in patients whose
tumours
have specific genetic characteristics that are identified by a companion diagnostic
test.
Last
year, FDA approved a new therapy for use in certain
cystic
fibrosis patients with a specific genetic mutation.
Slide30Three-dimensional (3D) printing
2013
, three-dimensional (3D) printing was used to create a
bio-
resorbable
tracheal splint for treating a critically-ill infant