Copyright 2003 Pearson Education Inc publishing as Benjamin Cummings Slides 632 644 Seventh Edition Elaine N Marieb Chapter 6 The Muscular System Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L Cook ID: 355847
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Slide1
Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slides 6.32 – 6.44
Seventh Edition
Elaine N. Marieb
Chapter 6
The Muscular System
Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. CookSlide2
Types of Ordinary Body Movements
Slide 6.32
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Flexion
Extension
Rotation
Abduction
CircumductionSlide3
Body Movements
Slide 6.33
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Figure 6.13Slide4
Special Movements
Slide 6.34
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Dorsifelxion
Plantar flexion
Inversion
Eversion
Supination
PronationOppositionSlide5
Types of Muscles
Slide 6.35
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Prime mover – muscle with the major responsibility for a certain movement
Antagonist – muscle that opposes or reverses a prime mover
Synergist – muscle that aids a prime mover in a movement and helps prevent rotation
Fixator – stabilizes the origin of a prime moverSlide6
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Slide 6.36a
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Direction of muscle fibers
rectus
(straight)oblique (slanted)
Relative size of the muscle
maximus
(largest)
minimus
(smallest)
longus
(long)Slide7
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Slide 6.36b
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Location of the muscle
many
muscles are named for bones (e.g.,
temporalis)Number of origins
biceps (two heads)
triceps
(three heads)
quadriceps
(four heads)Slide8
Naming of Skeletal Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Location of the muscles origin and insertion
Example:
sterno
(on the sternum)Shape of the muscle
Example: deltoid (triangular)
Action of the muscle
Example: flexor and extensor (flexes or extends a bone)Slide9
Head and Neck Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Facial Muscles
Frontalis
– muscle covering frontal bone; allows for lifting eyebrows and wrinkling forehead
Orbicularis
Oculi – circular muscle around eye; allows closing, squinting, blinking, and winking of eye
Orbicularis
Oris – circular muscle around lips; closes mouth and protrudes lipsSlide10
Head and Neck Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Facial Muscles (cont’d)
Buccinator
– runs horizontally along cheek and inserts into O.
oris; flattens cheek in whistling, blowing, and chewing
Zygomaticus
– runs from side of mouth up to cheekbone; raises corner of mouth upward Slide11
Head and Neck Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Chewing Muscles
Masseter
– covers the angle of the lower jaw, running from
zygomatic process to mandible; closes the jaw
Temporalis – covers temporal bone; acts as a synergist/aids the
masseter in closing the jawSlide12
Head and Neck Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Neck Muscles
Platysma
– covers
anterolateral neck, originates from chest and inserts into area around mouth; pulls corners of mouth downward
Sternocleidomastoid – paired muscles with two heads originating from the sternum and clavicle, then inserting into the mastoid process; bend the head down forward and to the sidesSlide13
Head and Neck Muscles
Slide 6.38
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Figure 6.14Slide14
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Anterior Trunk Muscles
Pectoralis
Major – covers upper part of chest, originates from shoulder girdle and first six ribs, inserts on proximal
end of humerus
; adducts and flexes arm
Intercostal Muscles – between the ribs; external intercostals raise rib cage to allow air in, internal intercostals depress cage to force air outSlide15
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Anterior Trunk Muscles (cont’d)
Rectus Abdominals – paired muscles running from pubis to rib cage; flex the vertebral column and compress the abdominal contents
External Oblique – paired muscles of the lateral walls of the abdomen, running from the last eight ribs to the
ilium
; flex the vertebral column and rotate the trunk and bend laterallySlide16
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Anterior Trunk Muscles (cont’d)
Internal Oblique – paired muscles deep to external
obliques
, originate from iliac crest and insert into the last three ribs; same function as external obliques
Transversus
abdominals – deepest muscle of abdominal wall with fibers running horizontally, originates from lower ribs and iliac crest and inserts into the pubis; compresses the abdominal contentsSlide17
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Anterior Arm Muscles
Biceps
Brachii
– originates from the shoulder girdle and inserts into the radial tuberosity; flexes and
supinates the forearm
Brachialis – deep to the bicep; flexes the forearm
Brachioradialis – originates from the humerus
and inserts into the distal forearmSlide18
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.39
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Figure 6.15Slide19
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Posterior Trunk Muscles
Trapezius
– paired muscles with origin running from base of occipital bone down to the end of the thoracic vertebrae, insert on scapular spine and clavicle; extend the head and move the scapula
Latissimus
Dorsi – large paired muscles of lower back, originates from lower back and
ilium then inserts into proximal end of humerus
; extends and adducts humerusSlide20
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Posterior Trunk Muscles (cont’d)
Erector
Spinae
– paired set of three muscle columns that extend the length of the vertebral column; extend the vertebral column
Deltoid – originates from the scapular spine and clavicle and inserts into the deltoid tuberosity
of humerus; abduct the armSlide21
Trunk Muscles
Slide 6.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Posterior Arm Muscles
Triceps
Brachii
– originates from shoulder girdle and proximal humerus, inserts into
olecranon process of ulna; extends the forearm (antagonist of biceps)Slide22
Deep Trunk and Arm Muscles
Slide 6.40
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Figure 6.16Slide23
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Muscles
Gluteus
Maximus
– originates from sacrum and ilium and inserts on
gluteal tuberosity of femur, forms the buttocks; extends the thigh, especially when climbing and jumping
Gluteus
Medius – originates from ilium and inserts into femur; abducts the thigh with the hipSlide24
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Muscles (cont’d)
Iliopsoas
– originates from the iliac bone and lower vertebrae and inserts on the lesser
trochanter of the femur; flexes the leg at the hip
Adductor Muscles – originate from the pelvis and inserts medially towards the proximal end of the femur; adducts the thighSlide25
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Muscles (cont’d)
Hamstring group – three muscles originating from the
ischial
tuberosity and inserts onto both sides of the proximal end of the tibia; extend the leg
Sartorius – originates from anterior iliac crest and inserts into medial side of tibia; flexes the thigh Slide26
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Pelvis, Hip and Thigh Muscles (cont’d)
Quadriceps group – four muscles that make the anterior thigh, originating from the femur or pelvis and inserting into the
tibial
tuberosity
; extends the knee and flexes the hipSlide27
Muscles of the Pelvis, Hip, and Thigh
Slide 6.41
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Anterior View
Posterior ViewSlide28
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
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Lower Leg Muscles
Tibialis
Anterior – originates from upper tibia and inserts at the
tarsals, running parallel to anterior crest; acts to
dorsiflex and invert the foot
Extensor Digitorum Longus
– originates from lateral tibial condyle
and proximal radius and inserts into toes 2-5, running just lateral to
tibialis
; extends toes and
dorsiflexes
footSlide29
Lower Limb Muscles
Slide 6.37
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Lower Leg Muscles (cont’d)
Gastrocnemius
– forms calf muscle, two head originate from each side of distal femur and inserts onto the heel
bone; main part of plantar flexion
Soleus – originates from tibia and inserts into the
tarsals, just deep to gastrocnemius; aids in plantar flexion of footSlide30
Muscles of the Lower Leg
Slide 6.42
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Figure 6.19Slide31
Superficial Muscles: Anterior
Slide 6.43
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Figure 6.20Slide32
Superficial Muscles: Posterior
Slide 6.44
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Figure 6.21