Essential Questions What new global patterns resulted from the European age of exploration How did the peoples of India China and Japan react to western contact and trade The statement God gold and glory has been used to describe the motives for exploration ID: 287404
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Slide1
First Global Age: Europe to Asia
Essential Questions:
What new global patterns resulted from the European age of exploration?
How did the peoples of India, China and Japan react to western contact and trade?
The statement “God, gold and glory” has been used to describe the motives for exploration.
Explain this
statement and choose which of the three motives you feel had the most influence on this era. Be sure to support your position with facts.Slide2
The World at the TimeSlide3
What made Europeans explore?
Money
Land
ReligionKnowledge Fame
Technology
GoodsSlide4
Setting the stage
After the Renaissance, many people in Europe had more wealth, Art and other luxuries.
To support Absolute Monarchs, they needed more money.Slide5
Hartman
Astrolabe
(1532)
Better Maps
[made by a
cartographer
]
Sextant
Mariner’s Compass
Technology that helped start explorationSlide6
Saw how much wealth the Middle East was making on Europe. (trade)
Silk Road
Desire to bypass the Middle East.Slide7
Portugal and exploration
First country to invest a lot in exploring.
Under Absolutist rule, Portugal became very wealthy.
Portugal began exploring and settling in Africa.Bartholomew Dias rounds the African Cape of Good Hope.Slide8
European footholds
Vasco
da
Gama opened the door for European domination. Rounded Cape of good Hope on 11/22/1497
Reached India in 1498
Alfonso Albuquerque of Portugal
Setting
outposts
Conquest of the edges of IndiaSlide9
Let’s Discuss
What is the scenario that Europeans see when they finally reach Southern Asia?
Consider who is ruling, what goods are available and the social structure.
Also, think about the military might of Europeans vs. South AsiaSlide10
People of South Asia
Religion- Hinduism and Buddhism
Social structure was matrilineal in many cases
Society was very different than the Europeans
Goods- spices (pepper, ginger, nutmeg, etc.), silks, textiles, pottery
Military?Slide11
Angkor Wat
templeSlide12
Dutch Explorations and trade
Dutch East and West India Companies
These were early
joint stock companiesCaravel
Slide13
European footholds cont.
British take India
India had been ruled by the
MughalsRobert Clive- conquered the
colony
British East India trading company
British defeat French and
PortugeseSlide14
European footholds cont.
Spain in the East.
Seizure of the Philippines in 1521 by Magellan.
Spain becomes a power not only in the east, but also in the west
CircumnavigationSlide15
Ming Dynasty
Controlled China from 1368-1644
Zheng
He (1405-1433) controlled SE Asian trade.Early trading with the Dutch and British, until the overthrow of the Ming puts the Qing in control
Europeans utilize established trade routes
What do the Chinese have that the west wants?Slide16
yages
In 1498,
Da
Gama reached Calcutta, China’s favorite port!Slide17
Japan
Japan-open to trade at first
Japan adopts guns, castles and many convert to Christianity
Then, Tokugawa Shogun
gains power
Isolationist who expels all Europeans and Christians to “protect” the JapaneseSlide18
lorationSlide19
First Global Age: Europe, the Americas and Africa
Essential Questions:
What were the motivations for European explorations of Africa and the Americas and how did they impact the cultures they met?
Is there a correlation to the spread of Christianity and the exploration period?Slide20
Christopher Columbus’ VoyagesSlide21
The World during ExplorationSlide22
Spain versus Portugal
Both got an early start on America
Both claimed right to America
Needed an intermediary to settle the conflictCatholic Church?
Treaty of Tordesillas Slide23
The Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)Slide24
lorationSlide25
Conquest #1: Cortez vs. Aztecs
Cortez was ordained by the Queen of Spain to explore the Americas.
What did the Spanish want? (think of Absolutism)
What did Cortez find?
Turn to page 386-387Slide26Slide27
vs.
Cortez vs. MontezumaSlide28
Spanish and AztecsSlide29
Mexico Surrenders to CortezSlide30
Read “The Fall of
Technoctitlan
”Slide31
vs.
Conquest #2: Pissarro vs. AtahualpaSlide32
Pissarro vs. Atahualpa
Atahualpa was leader of the Incas
Present day Peru and Chile
Capital at Cuzco
Pissarro was a
Conquistador
Spanish conqueror over the natives
Held Atahualpa captive for a ransom
Kills Atahualpa after he gets the goldSlide33
Administration of the Spanish Empire in the New World
Encomienda
or
forced
labor.
Council of
the Indies.
Viceroy.
New Spain and Peru
.Slide34Slide35
The Influence of the Colonial Catholic Church
Guadalajara Cathedral
Our Lady of Guadalupe
Spanish MissionSlide36
Society in Central and South America
Rigid social structure based on your race/ethnicity.
New culture emerged- a blending of Spanish/ Portuguese culture and that of the Natives.Slide37
Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizos
Mulattos
Native
American
Black Slaves
Spanish-American Social StructureSlide38
“Mountains of Silver”Slide39
Squash
Avocado
Peppers
Sweet Potatoes
Turkey
Pumpkin
TOBACCO
Quinine
Cocoa
Pineapple
Cassava
POTATO
Peanut
TOMATO
Vanilla
MAIZE
Syphilis
SLAVES
COFFEE BEAN
Banana
Rice
Onion
Turnip
Honeybee
Barley
Grape
Peach
SUGAR CANE
Oats
Citrus Fruits
Pear
Wheat
HORSE
Cattle
Sheep
Pigs
Smallpox
Flu
Typhus
Measles
Malaria
Diptheria
Whooping Cough
Trinkets
Liquor
GUNS
“The Columbian Exchange”Slide40
Settlement in North America
England’s 13 Colonies
Two starting places
Jamestown (1606)Plymouth (1620)
Mayflower Compact
Purpose: Permanent settlement
Stayed along the shoreSlide41
Mayflower Compact
"In the name of God, Amen. We, whose names are underwritten, the Loyal Subjects of our dread Sovereign Lord, King James, by the Grace of God, of England, France and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, e&. Having undertaken for the Glory of God, and Advancement of the Christian Faith, and the
Honour
of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia; do by these presents, solemnly and mutually in the Presence of God and one of another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid; And by Virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions and Offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the General good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due submission and obedience. In Witness whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names at Cape Cod the eleventh of November, in the Reign of our Sovereign Lord, King James of England, France and Ireland, the eighteenth, and of Scotland the fifty-fourth. Anno Domini, 1620." Slide42
Settlement in North America
Other countries:
Dutch- New Amsterdam
Led by Henry HudsonMain good: beaver pelts and cod
Sweden- New Sweden
Both conquered by the BritishSlide43
New Netherland & New SwedenSlide44
nsSlide45
Settlement in North America
France
Purpose was to build settlements to use as a base for trade.
Ex. Montreal, Quebec, TorontoWent inland using rivers as guide.
Furs were the main commoditySlide46
Religion impact
Catholic
missionaries
spread throughout the western Spanish territoriesPuritans and other Protestants in the eastSlide47
A new rise of Trade thought
Mercantilism – requires big government
Aimed at strengthening your country through more exports than imports
Bring and keep money in your country by tariffs
Capitalism- personal investment in money to make a profit
Less government is best!
“Invisible Hand”
Joint Stock Company- many people invest in a company for later profit
Each person owns a partSlide48
Settlement in Africa
Remember, Portugal had started to settle and build outposts.
Outposts (Ports) to serve as resting stops in between slave and/or spice trade with the Americas and Asia.
Outposts grew into permanent settlementsSlide49
Slavery
Always existed in Africa.
Europeans now wanted slaves for America
Traded slaves for guns, trinkets, tools, etc.Became known as the
Triangle trade
.Slide50
African Tribes competed for power and captured other tribes for the
slave trade…Slide51
Destination of Slaves
2.5% to Europe and Asia
41% to Caribbean Islands
15% to Spanish South America37% to Brazil
4.5% to North AmericaSlide52
Slave TradeSlide53Slide54
Society in S. Africa
Boers- Dutch for “farmer”
settled in South Africa
Protestants that lived in isolation from the WorldUsed slavery heavily
The Great TrekSlide55
Dutch Landing in 1652Slide56
Shaka
Zulu
(1785 – 1828)Slide57
In Conclusion:
Nations of Europe:
Explored to gain wealth and fame.
They colonized to secure their spot in those areas.Competed with each other for power and wealth.
Used the natives in America and Africa for their own gain.
Spain wanted gold; France, Portugal, Netherlands traded and Britain settled to stay permanently.