Presentations text content in Week 4: Bridging the Language &
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Week 4: Bridging the Language &Grammatical Gap
Introduction to Biblical Hermeneutics
Slide2Goals of Hermeneutics
Exegesis
Contextualization
Slide3Cultural
Grammatical
Literary
Language
Gaps to be Bridged
Goals of Hermeneutics
Slide4Is anyone among you suffering? Let him pray. Is anyone cheerful? Let him sing praise. Is anyone among you sick? Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith will save the one who is sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven. Therefore, confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous person has great power as it is working. James 5:13-16
Bridging the Language Gap
Slide5Cultural
Grammatical
Literary
Language
Gaps to be Bridged
Goals of Hermeneutics
Slide6Meaning of words (Lexicology)Form of words (Morphology)Function of words (Parts of Speech)Relationship of words (Syntax)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide7Meaning of Words (Lexicology)How words are derived and developed (Etymology)Discover its UsageDiscover any Synonyms and AntonymsConsider the Context
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide8Meaning of Words (Lexicology)How words are derived and developed. (Etymology)Ex. Gk word for “church”ekklesia from ek (“out of”) and kalein (“to call or summon”)Discover its UsageDiscover any Synonyms and AntonymsConsider the Context
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide9Meaning of Words (Lexicology)How words are derived and developed. (Etymology)Discover its UsageHow we use “left”.“Sarx” has been translated: humanity (Rom. 3:20), human body (2 Cor. 12:7), muscles (Luke 24:39), man’s sinful nature (Rom. 8:6-7)Note the usage of the word by same writer in same or other books.Discover any Synonyms and AntonymsConsider the Context
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide10Meaning of Words (Lexicology)How words are derived and developed. (Etymology)Discover its usageDiscover any Synonyms and AntonymFinding words of similar or opposite in meaning.Ex. “never to put a stumbling block or hindrance in the way of a brother.” (Rom. 14:13)stumbling block (skandalon)- serious kind of offense.hindrance (proskomma)- slight, minor offense.Paul is covering a range of offense.Consider the Context
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide11Meaning of Words (Lexicology)How words are derived and developed. (Etymology)Discover its UsageDiscover any Synonyms and AntonymsConsider the ContextText without context is pretext!Need to consider its immediate and wider context.In the context of the verse, paragraph, chapter and book.Group Exercise
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide12Meaning of words (Lexicology)Form of words (Morphology)Function of words (Parts of Speech)Relationship of words (Syntax)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide13Forms of Words (Morphology)Refers to the way words are put together.i.e. prefix or suffixExample- “fuse”fuses (n.), refuse (verb), refusal (n.)Functions of Words (Parts of Speech) Noun FamilyVerb FamilyExamples:Eph. 2:20Rom. 3:23
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide14Relationships of Words (Syntax)The way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, or sentences.Ex.- Eph. 1:4-5 just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and without blame before Him in love, 5 having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ…(NKJ)even as he chose us in him before the foundation of the world, that we should be holy and blameless before him. In love (5) he predestined us for adoption as sons through Jesus Christ… (ESV)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide15Meaning of words (Lexicology)Form of words (Morphology)Function of words (Parts of Speech)Relationship of words (Syntax)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide16Figures of SpeechA figure of speech is a word or phrase that is used to communicate something other than its literal, natural meaning. SimileA comparison in which 2 different things.Example: He is like a tree planted by streams of water. (Ps. 1:3)All flesh is like grass. (I Pet. 1:24)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide17MetaphorA comparison in which one thing is or acts like or represents another. Uses one thing to mean another and makes comparison between the two.Example:The Lord is my Shepherd. (Ps. 23:1)You are the salt of the Earth. (Mt. 5:13)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide18PersonificationThe ascribing of human characteristics or actions to inanimate objects or ideas or to animals.Example: The trees of the field will clap their hands. (Isa. 55:12)AnthropomorphismThe ascribing of human characteristics or actions to God.Example:O Lord hear my voice, let your ears be attentive. (Ps. 130.2 )
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide19AnthropopathismThe ascribing of human emotions to God.Example: I am exceedingly zealous for Zion. (Zech. 8:1) ZoomorphismThe ascribing of animal characteristics to GodExample:…under His wings you will find refuge. (Ps. 91:4)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide20EuphemismThe substituting of an inoffensive or mild expression for an offensive personal one.Example: He fell asleep. (Acts 7:60) HyperboleAn exaggeration in which more is said than is literal; meant to add emphasis.Example:Every night I flood my bed with tears. I drench my couch with my weeping. (Ps. 6:6)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Slide21IronyThe underlying message of the speaker is different than the literal meaning.Example:Micah said to David “How the king of Israel has distinguished himself today.” (2 Sam. 6:20) Elijah taunting the prophets of Baal, “Shout louder…surely he is a god!” (I Kings 18:27)
Bridging the Grammatical Gap
Week 4: Bridging the Language &
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