World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 2 Lesson 2 - PowerPoint Presentation

World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 2 Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War

Learning Objectives Understand how trench warfare led to a stalemate on the Western Front. Identify and describe the impact of modern military technology on the fighting. Outline the course of the war on multiple European fronts. Explain how World War I was a global conflict. World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Topic 2 Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War

Key Terms stalemate, zeppelins U-boats, convoys, Dardanelles, T. E. Lawrence World War I and the Russian Revolution (1914–1924) Lesson 2 Fighting the Great War

A New Kind of War Stalemate on the Western Front The German plan to invade France quickly is going to fail The Belgium are going to put up more of a fight Russia is going to mobilize quicker than expected and force the Prussians to move troops to fight them. This will lead to a stalemate Trench WarfareOn the Western Front from the English Channel to the Swiss border there will be trench warfare. Men will fight from these trenches Between opposing trenches is a no man’s land of mines and barb wire. Men will cross this to try and take the other trench High Casualty Rates Battle of Verdun lasted 11 months, it had half a million casualties on both sides Battle of Somme River 60 thousand British troops are lost in one day. A million troops lost in the span of 5 months with neither side gaining an advantage

A New Kind of War Analyze Maps Who do you think was in a better strategic position at the start of the war, the Allies or the Central Powers? Why?

A New Kind of War This German soldier was one of the many casualties of the fighting during World War I. Massive offenses and new military technology combined to produce extremely high casualty rates.

Modern Military Technology Poison Gas Poison gas is used as a way to break trench warfare Both sides will use it, but it is very tricky to use Both sides will get masks later on and both sides will ban its use Tanks, Airplanes, and Submarines1916 Britain will bring in tanks to the battlefield but will fail Both sides will use aircraft for reconnaissance Germany will use Zeppelins to bomb the English coast Later on airplanes will be used by both sides with machine guns Red Baron German U-boats will do a lot of damage to the allies side, creating the need for convoys

Modern Military Technology Poison gas and machine guns are two examples of the military technology that killed and wounded so many. These British machine gunners wear gas masks during the Battle of the Somme, in July 1916.

Other European Fronts Mounting Russian Losses in the East August 1914 Russian troops pushed into Eastern Germany then lose a big battle at Tannenberg. They get pushed back into Russia Even though a large country Russia could not supply its troops. Factories produced weapons but the army could not get it to them Still they will fight War in Southern Europe Italy will declare war on Germany and Austria Hungary in 1915 Italians will fight Austria for the next two years October 117 the Italians will have a major setback in the battle of Caporetto but the French and British will step in to prevent the Central powers going into Italy.

Other European Fronts Austrian soldiers advance into Russian Poland during the winter of 1915.

A Global Conflict The Ottoman Empire Joins the War The Ottomans will join the Central powers in October 1914 They will immediately shut off the Dardanelles, cutting Russia off from her allies. The Allies will fight but by 1916 they will retreat The Ottomans will have to fight in the Middle East against the Arabs. The British will send Lawrence of Arabia to fight guerilla warfare with the Arabs. They will take Baghdad and other lands Deportation and Mass Murder of Armenians Armenians lived in the Russian and Ottoman empires. They were a minority but still prospered. This led to resentment and their eventual deportation away or murder by the Ottomans European Colonies and the War Colonies are also brought into the war. German African and Asia colonies are attacked. Canada, Australia, and New Zealand will send troops to fight for Britain. Some will hope for independence after the war but will be disappointed.

A Global Conflict Analyze Maps How did the Arab revolt against the Ottoman empire affect the Allied cause?

A Global Conflict These Armenian refugee children were forced from their homes by the Ottoman government’s deportation campaign. They are waiting to receive their daily ration of food, provided by American relief workers.

Quiz: A New Kind of War What was one effect of the failure of Germany’s Schlieffen Plan to quickly defeat France?A. Germany had to fight the war on both the Eastern and the Western Front. B. Germany was not able to bring Austria-Hungary into the war as its ally. C. Germany was able to concentrate only on the Eastern Front. D. Germany had to make an alliance with France.

Quiz: Modern Military Technology What was the most significant effect of U-boat attacks on the fighting on land?A. They killed many soldiers. B. They kept soldiers from the front lines. C. They destroyed vital supplies. D. They created a stalemate.

Quiz: Other European Fronts What is one way the Eastern Front was different from the Western Front?A. The Eastern Front was fought with more military technology than the Western Front. B. The Western Front provided the Central Powers with their most decisive victories. C. The Western Front suffered more casualties than the Eastern Front. D. The Eastern Front had front lines that moved widely, while the Western Front did not.

Quiz: A Global Conflict Why did the Ottoman empire suffer important losses in the Middle East?A. The Arabs revolted against their Ottoman rulers. B. The Armenian army fought well in the Middle East. C. The French did not provide the Ottomans with enough support. D. The Ottomans were weakened by the Allied success at Gallipoli.