Cellular Response Adaptive - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Cellular Response

Adaptive

Disturbances of growth

Inflammation and repair

Immune response

Non Adaptive

Degeneration

Neoplasia

Dysplasia

NecrosisSlide2

I

NFLAMMATIONSlide3

Definition

-it’s a body response against injury , it’s a first line of defense.

-Protective adaptive tissue response to injury. Slide4

Causes of Inflammation:

By injurious agents called irritants. It are different types:

1-Living Irritants: bacteria, virus, parasites. : 2-Non Living Irritantsa-Chemical: Acids, alkalis and poisons.

b-Physical: Heat, cold, ionizing radiation.c-Mechanical: Trauma, cut.3-Antigens: cause allergic inflammation.Slide5

Mechanism:

1. Vascular response 2.Cellular response 1. Vascular Response A-Vasodilatations of arterioles  in local blood flow

 redness and hotness = (hypraemia).B-Increase in capillary permeability  leakage

of fluid  local swelling.C-Release of mediators  pain. Slide6

1- inflammatory reaction “dilated blood vessels”

The widening of blood vessels resulting from relaxation of smooth muscle cells in vessel wallsSlide7

Mechanism:

2. Cellular Response: -Margination

of WBCs. -Emigration (Diapedesis). -Chemotaxis . -

Phagocytosis.Slide8

Cellular Response

Margination: The polymorphnuclear

leucocytes leave the blood and adhesion to the margin of the endothelial lining of the capillaries. Emigration :The polymorphnuclear leucocytes pass between the endothelial cells through the vessels wall by amoeboid movement into damage tissue . Slide9

Cellular Response

Chemotaxis: Is the directed movement of the polymorph-nuclear leucocytes and macrophages in the area of inflammation.

Phagocytosis: Is the ingestion and destruction of the foreign particles by the phagocytic inflammatory cells. Slide10

2-

Margination of WBC’s:

PMN move to the peripheral B.V & adherent to endothelium B.V wall ,this process called "Margination of WBC’sSlide11

3- Emigration of WBC’s

PMN or WBCs migration from vessels lumen into area of tissue damage, this process called" Emigration of WBC’s"Slide12

Inflammation types

:

1- acute .2- chronic .3-sub-acute.Slide13

Inflammation types:

1- Acute inflammation: Sudden onset and short duration.

-Cellular response  Polymorphnuclear leucocytes, pus cells and macrophages.- Vascular response

 Numerous, thin walled, dilated blood vessels.Slide14

4- Acute inflammatory cells:

Mainly we see PMNL & small amount of macrophages.

PMNL= WBCs refer to

neutrophil

,cytoplasm contain fine violet granules ,several lobes

of nucleus ,

Pus

cells= dead PMN lymphocytes or dead neutrophil.

Machrophages

=usually

seen in acute & chronic

inflammationl,Function

of machrophages:1-phagocytosis &killing of bacteria. 2-phagocytosis of necrotic debris.

3-formation of giant cells.Slide15

Inflammation types:

2- Chronic Inflammation: Gradual onset and prolonged duration

( connective tissue formation). -Cellular response  Lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and giant cells.

- Vascular response  Few, thick walled, narrow blood vessels.Slide16

Inflammation types:

3- Sub-acute Inflammation: in between the acute and the chronicSlide17

5- chronic inflammatory cells

Lymphocytes:

WBCs, distinguished by dark blue round nuclei & small amount of cytoplasm.

Plasma cells :

WBCs, it is mature B-cell ,identified by extensive basophilic

cytoplasma & small eccentric nuclei( specific seen in chronic inflammation),it is produce large antibodies

Fibroblast:

is type of cell synthesizes C.T &plays critical role in wound healing

Foreign body giant cell: is fused macrophages which are generated in response to present large foreign body, nuclei are arranged in disorganized manner.

Langhans giant cell:

is fusion of macrophages & contain arranged in horse shoe-shaped pattern in cell periphery, found in

granulomatous

& tuberculosis conditions. Slide18

6- chronic inflammatory cells

Mainly we have Plasma cell ,

lymphocytes.&Fibroblast

cells to formSlide19

7- chronic inflammatory cells:

Mainly plasma cell ,small amount of lymphocytes ,macrophages & fibroblast cells to form C.TSlide20

8- Giant cell (

langerhan’s) specific :

Atypical

langhans

giant cell formed by fusion of macrophages in tuberculosis granuloma

,contain nuclei horse shoe-shapedSlide21

9- Giant cell (foreign body) non-specific:

Giant

cell,nuclei

arranged in disorganization

pattern,fibroblast & few lymphocytes.Slide22

10-

Acluster of giant cells around (foreign body) :

A cluster of giant cells around (foreign body )&number of lymphocytes.