How the Past Portends the Future. SNAP-ED 101. Susan B. Foerster, MPH. Emeritus. Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators. February 8, 2016 Arlington, VA. ASNNA. The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators. ID: 495648
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FSNE to SNAP-Ed:
How the Past Portends the FutureSNAP-ED 101
Susan B. Foerster, MPHEmeritusAssociation of SNAP Nutrition Education AdministratorsFebruary 8, 2016 Arlington, VA
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide2USDA Nutrition Timeline
Food Stamp Purchase Program established
National School Lunch Program startedFood Stamp pilot project signed into lawEFNEP established—peer education modelWIC Pilot Project authorizedFood Stamp Nutrition Education authorized as an administrative option (EFNEP model)Planning grants awarded for FSNE social marketing nutrition networks Farm Bill changed Food Stamps SNAPHealthy, Hunger Free Kids Act (CNR) established SNAP-Ed in statute as a grant programFarm Bill called for pilot, demonstration and regulatory projects to improve the food environment.Child Nutrition Reauthorization
19331946196119691973198119952008201020142016
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide3SNAP-Ed History
1981
Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) authorized in Farm Bill as optional admin expense based on state cost-share/’match’ (EFNEP peer education model)1992 7 states did FSNE (~$750K); USDA commissioned a report on effectiveness of nutrition education (JNE ‘95)1995-97 USDA funded 22 state $100-200K planning grants to establish social marketing nutrition networks, create state plans, raise cost-share/match 1998 Association of State Nutrition Network Administrators established2004 50+ state agencies conducted FSNE @ ~$280M2005-2010 OMB conducted Program Assessment evaluations2008 Farm Bill changed Food Stamps to Supplemental Nutrition Program (SNAP)2010 Senate used the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act to amend SNAP-Ed into Farm Bill but also capped funds through 2018 @ ~ $400M
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide4T
he Social Ecological Model Underlies Intervention and Evaluation
5 Spheres of Influence in Classic Model (‘SEM’)IndividualSocial networks and peers, interpersonalSingle channels/organizationsCommunities, multiple channels at onceSociety at large, including media and policy4 Spheres in Dietary Guidelines for Americans modelIndividualEnvironmental SettingsSectors of InfluenceSocial and Cultural Norms and Values
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide5Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010
Established SNAP-Ed as a program in the Farm Bill
Contained the Nutrition Education and Obesity Prevention ActAligned SNAP-Ed eligibility w/ means-tested programs <185% FPLAdded physical activity, community and public health approachesRequired evidence-based approachesReplaced Federal Financial Participation (cost share) with grants awarded through SNAP State Agencies, capped @ ~$400M through ’18, with 5-year reallocation schedule among states based in part on SNAP participation ratesAligned SNAP-Ed with science but cut total national effort in half!
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide6ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Nutrition Ed in SNAP, 2015
…any combination of
educational strategies
, accompanied by
environmental supports
,
designed
to facilitate the voluntary adoption of
of
food and physical activity choices
among…
SNAP
participants and other
eligibles
,
t
hose e
ligible for other
means-tested programs
, and
in
communities with significant low-income populations
…
Are delivered through
multiple venues
and involve
individual
, community and appropriate policy
levels.
Strategies …based on the
Dietary Guidelines for Americans
. ”
Slide7SNAP-Ed Stat’s, 2015
Eligible population: 95 million people, <185% FPL
124 State Implementing Agencies (SIA)—Extensions, SHAs, universities, non-profits, Indian Tribal OrganizationsReach in 2014: 6 million people received direct ed, reach of social marketing and indirect unavailableSites in 2015: 45,000+ low-resource community sites in ~ 20 different channelsFFY 2015 budget: $407M
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide8USDA Infrastructure for SNAP-Ed
Food and Nutrition Service Headquarters
7 Regional offices – Boston, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Chicago, Oklahoma City, Denver, San Francisco54 SNAP State Agencies (social service departments) administer annual grants124 State Implementing Agencies – Extensions, SHDs, universities, non-profits, ITOs??? Local Implementing Agencies/ sub-grantees???? Other subcontractors, including businesses
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide9USDA Oversight
Statute—2010 Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act
Interim RegulationsAnnual SNAP-Ed Guidance governs targeting, activities, allowable expenditures Annual approvals of state plan and its budget, with SMART objectives Approval of any mid-year amendmentsEducation and Administrative Reporting System (EARS)—semi-annual reportsAnnual reportRegular Management Evaluations (ME)
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide10Expect
More: OMB PART Rating‘Results Not Demonstrated’
2010 Follow-Up PARTNo standardized measuresMission and Goals not clearly establishedUnclear if funds spent efficiently
2007 Section RatingsProgram Improvement Plans: 100%Strategic Planning: 50%Program Management: 72%Program Results: 27%
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide11Methods in SNAP-Ed:
Direct and Indirect Education
Direct: Participants actively engage in the learning process with an educator and/or interactive media—may, or may not, include demographics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, SNAP or income status) – an unduplicated countIndirect: Information and resources, including mass communications, public events and materials – estimates of unduplicated count/venue
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide12Methods in SNAP-Ed:
Social Marketing
Application of commercial marketing techniques to programs to influence voluntary behavior for personal welfare and that of society…Commercial techniques: Market segmentation, formative research, advertising, PR, promotion, multiple forms of mass communication, education, integrated, synchronized efforts across channels/platformsPublic health techniques: consumer empowerment, community development, public/private partnerships, and PSEs
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide13Methods: PSE Changes in the
Public, Non-Profit and Business Sectors
Policy: Written organizational decisions or courses of action, resources, implementation, evaluation and enforcementSystems: Unwritten organizational decisions that can reach large numbers of peopleEnvironmental Change: Built or physical, visual, economic, social, normative or message environments
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide14RE-
AIM: Design and Evaluation of SNAP-Ed Interventions
Reach = People, impressionsAdoption = Organizations adopting a change/interventionImplementation= Organizations conducting the change as designed, with fidelityEffectiveness = Results associated with interventionsMaintenance = Sustained change over time and with little/no SNAP-Ed support
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide15Game-Changing Approach:
Collective Impact
Incremental climb up the ‘ladder of collaboration’: networking communication cooperation collaboration collective impact ‘conditions for success’:Common AgendaContinuous CommunicationsCoordinated ActivitiesShared MetricsBackbone Organization (s)
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide16Other Critical Initiatives
Childhood Obesity Prevention
through action, advocacy and research—Robert Wood Johnson FoundationAction for Healthy Kids—National Dairy Council and othersAlliance for a Healthier Generation—Clinton Foundation and othersExecutive Branch Initiatives—Let’s Move!, Healthy Food Financing Initiative, DOD workplace, GSA procurement, multiple healthy food incentive initiativesPartnership for a Healthier America—business and non-profit communityRegional and Local Initiatives—especially HMOs, health insurers, Community Benefits through ACA, economic development
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide17Terms Used in SNAP-Ed:
Delivery of SNAP-Ed Services
Sectors: public, non-profit, businessDomains: Eat, Live, Learn, Work, Play and ShopLevels: Local (neighborhood, city, county), regional (media market, multi-county), statewide, nationalSettings/Channels: Categories and sub-categories of similar institutions, or ‘venues’, for tailored interventions, e.g., food retail, education, employment, recreation, government Systems: Organizations w/in the channel, e.g., individual companies, school districts, Early Childhood Education, different industries that employ large numbers of low-wage workers, CBOsSites: individual store, school, worksite, public sector locations
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide18Leadership Resources in Transition
USDA SNAP-Ed Connections (searchable website)
StateGate links to all State Implementing AgenciesSNAP-Ed Strategies & Interventions: An Obesity Prevention Toolkit for States (annual)SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework and Interpretive Guide for 51 Evaluation Indicators (April 2016)6 USDA Regional Nutrition Education Centers of Excellence (RNECE) – Land grant universities in CO, TN, IN, SC, NY, and KY
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide19USDA Funding for
Nutrition Education, 2013
Program, Pop’n Size
Nut Ed/Total Budget
SNAP-Ed (~95M, <185%)Child Nutrition (Team Nutrition) (~50M students)WIC (~7M <185%)
$342M/$82B (0.4%)$16M/$20B (0.08%)$406M/$7B (5.8%)
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide20Programs Change with the Presidents
Food Stamp Purchase Program established -- Roosevelt
National School Lunch Program started -- TrumanFood Stamp pilot project signed into law -- KennedyEFNEP established—peer education model -- JohnsonWIC Pilot Project authorized -- NixonFood Stamp Nutrition Education authorized as an administrative option (EFNEP model) – Carter/ReaganPlanning grants awarded for FSNE social marketing nutrition networks --ClintonFarm Bill changed Food Stamps SNAP – GW Bush Healthy, Hunger Free Kids Act (CNR) established SNAP-Ed in statute as a grant program -- ObamaFarm Bill called for pilot, demonstration and regulatory projects to improve the food environment -- ObamaChild Nutrition Reauthorization -- Obama
19331946196119691973198119952008201020142016
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
Slide21How could SNAP-Ed change in the next Administration?
What needs to be done to realize its potential?
ASNNA
The Association of SNAP Nutrition Education Administrators
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