Ought to and Had Better to give Advice Use Have to and Must for Necessity Modals Use Should Ought to and Had Better to give Advice For example ID: 649435
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Slide1
Modals:
Use “
Should
,
Ought to
, and
Had Better
” to give Advice
Use
“
Have to
” and “
Must
” for
NecessitySlide2
Modals
Use “
Should
,
Ought to
, and
Had Better
” to give Advice
For example:
The Space Shuttle
will be launched
soon.
The launch
will not be postponed
.
The crew
must be given
time off.
Decisions
should not be made
too quickly.Slide3
Use
will
or
be going to
with the passive to talk about the future…
It
will be launched
very soon.
It
is going to be launched
very soon. Slide4
Use
can
with the passive to express
present ability
.
The blastoff
can be seen
for miles.
Use
could
with the passive to express
past ability
.
It
could be seen
very clearly last year. Slide5
Use
could, may, might, and
cannot
with
the passive to talk about the future…
It
will be launched
very soon.
It
is going to be launched
very soon. Slide6
When to use the passive (cont.)
You want to avoid mentioning the agent.
For example:
Some mistakes were made.
(I know who made the mistakes but I do not want to blame the person who made them.)
Slide7
Mentioning the agent
Use the passive with
“by”
if you mention the
‘agent’
(the doer of the action)
Mention the agent when:
1. You introduce new necessary information about the agent.
For example:
Cathy is an excellent student.
She
has
just
been accepted by Harvard University
.
(The name of the university is necessary new information.)
Slide8
Mentioning the agent
Mention the agent when:
2. You want to give credit to someone who created something.
For example:
This book was written by Paulo
Coehlo
.
Slide9
Mentioning the agent
Mention the agent when:
2. The agent is surprising.
For example:
Our windows
are washed
by a robot
.
Slide10
Mentioning the agent
BE CAREFUL!!
In most cases you do not need to mention an agent in
passsive
sentences. Do not include an agent unless you have a clear need for one.
For example:
The book was published in 1977.
NOT:
The book was published by the publisher in 1977.