Roman Intervention Intertestamental Period Week Date Topic 1 01 Mar 17 Overview 2 08 Mar 17 Babylonian Period 605539 BC 3 15 Mar 17 Persian Period 539332 BC 4 22 Mar 17 Greek Period 332323 BC ID: 620449
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Slide1
The Intertestamental Period: From Babylon To The Birth Of Christ
Roman InterventionSlide2
Intertestamental PeriodWeek
Date
Topic
1
01 Mar 17
Overview
2
08 Mar 17
Babylonian Period (605-539 BC)
3
15 Mar 17
Persian Period (539-332 BC)
4
22 Mar 17
Greek Period (332-323 BC)
5
29 Mar 17
Ptolemaic (323-198 BC)
6
05 Apr 17
Seleucid
(198-168
BC)
7
12 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 1 (168-153 BC)
8
19 Apr 17
Maccabean Part 2 (153-139 BC)
9
26 Apr 17
Independence (139-63 BC)
10
03 May 17
Rome Intervenes (63 – 37 BC)
11
10 May 17
Herod (37 BC – 4 BC)
12
17 May 17
The IT Period and Christianity (4 BC – 70 AD)
13
24 May 17
ReviewSlide3
Today’s Objectives
Review last week’s lesson
Review the various Jewish politico-religious groups of the time
Learn about Pompey’s role in the Jewish civil war
Learn about the rise and fall of Julius Caesar
Victory over Pompey
Political decrees which impact Judea
Caesar’s murder
Learn how Herod rises from governor of Galilee to a defeated leader living in Rome
Learn about Antony and OctaviusSlide4
Reference MaterialKJV (w/ Apocrypha)1st and 2nd MaccabbeesJosephus – The Complete Works
Herodotus – The HistoryIntertestamental History – Mark Moore
Ancient Rome –
Simon Baker
Harding University –
BNEW 112 Course Notes
– Dr. Thompson
Intertestamental Period
– John BattleSlide5
Where we left off….
Discussed the sons of Mattathias
Learned about Simon’s leadership and the alliances he renews with Sparta and Rome
Learn how John Hyrcanus’ increased the Israel’s lands
The Pharisees and Sadducees become further divided
Learn about Aristobulus and Jannaeus take over, in succession
Jannaeus’ cruelty leads to further civil war
Roman intervenes in 63 BCSlide6
PhariseesChief rival sect was the SadduceesTended to be middle class and open to religious innovationUse of oral legal tradition to supplement the TorahTheir interpretations, once given, were scrupulously adhered to Emphasis on divine providence (Essene)Eventually adopted a belief in existence of spirits and angels, the resurrection, and the coming of a Messiah
However, Pharisees appear as Jesus' most vocal criticsSlide7
SadduceesOriginated mainly from the conservative and aristocratic priestly classMain rival to the PhariseeAcceptance only of the Law and rejection of oral traditionDenial of bodily resurrection; immortality of the soul; existence of a spirit world (Mark 12:18; Luke 20:27; Acts 23:8)They opposed the early church (Acts 4:1-4)Cease to exist after the temple is destroyed in 70 ADSlide8
EssenesStrict discipline, isolation from others Bible never mentions the EssenesCredited with writing the Dead Sea ScrollsCharacteristicsDid not own any private property; shared possessions They avoided any show of luxury, very simple meals
They wore simple clothes until they hung in shredsCareful observance of the laws of Moses Established membership rituals – lasted several years
Believed that the souls of men were immortal
Avoided taking part in the services of the Temple Similar to early ChristiansSlide9
ZealotsFanatical Jewish sect militantly opposed the Roman occupationMost fervent Jewish nationalists called themselves "Zealots" Devoted supporters of the Lord and His laws and who were ready to fight for themLike the Pharisees, devoted to the Jewish law and religion
Unlike most Pharisees, they thought it was treason against God to pay tribute to the Roman emperor, since God alone was Israel's kingZealots eventually degenerated into a group of assassins known as Sicarii (Latin, daggermen)
Their increasing fanaticism was one factor that provoked the Roman-Jewish war
The Zealots took control of Jerusalem in 66 AD, led to the siege of Jerusalem and its fall in 70 AD. The last stronghold of the Zealots, the fortress of Masada, fell to the Romans in 73 ADSlide10
Roman Rule63 BC – through NT timesFourth kingdom predicted by Daniel (Ch 7)Different from all the other kingdoms Will devour the whole earthTen horns are ten kings who will come from this kingdom
After them another king will arise He will subdue three kings
He will speak against the Most High and oppress his saints
Try to change the set times and the laws
The saints will be handed over to him for a time, times and half a timeSlide11Slide12
Roman InterventionCivil war continues for several monthsNews of fighting reaches the Roman general Pompey, who is campaigning in the EastPompey had become a very popular field commander Very successful campaign against pirates in the Mediterranean Sea in 67 BCCaesar supports Pompey’s actionsPompey moves south to “arbitrate” in Judah
Gnaeus Pompeius MagnusSlide13
Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus106-48 BC, called Pompey the GreatFought with the Optimates, a conservative and aristocratic faction of the Roman SenateInitially a friend, he is later defeated by CaesarSought refuge in Egypt, where he was assassinated in 48 BCDefeated Spartacus in 71 BCTook command of the Third Mithridatic War in modern day Turkey
Travels to Judea in 63 BC and seizes the opportunity to control the regionSlide14
Pompey –The ConquestNews of the civil war between Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II reaches PompeyDispatches an ambassador, orders fight to stopIt does not, Pompey marches southPompey determines Hyrcanus is a more politically profitable candidateForces Aristobulus II to surrenderUltimately besieges Aristobulus II for three months in Jerusalum – 12,000 Jews killed
Pompey does not disrupt the Jewish worship or religious practicesSlide15Slide16
ResultsPompey incorporates Palestine into the Roman province of SyriaRead Matt 4:24Hyrcanus II becomes political leader and high priest from 63-40 BCSamaria gains semi-autonomy, Galilee remains under Jewish controlAntipater II becomes district administratorA native of Idumaea
Founder of the Herodian DynastyFather of Herod the GreatSlide17
Julius CaesarBorn in 100 BCFamily caught up in a complex political war in RomeObtained a Senate seat in 68 BC (at 32)Elected Chief Priest in 63 BCNine year Proconsul of Gaul and conquered much of central Europe – becomes a heroRuled Rome from 60-50 BC with Crassus (rich Roman), Pompey (war hero) – called a Triumvirate
Crassus dies, Pompey becomes rivalSlide18
Caesar versus PompeySenators are concerned about Caesar’s popularityOrders him to disband army and returnRefuses, but returns with his Army (49 BC)Civil war ensures – Caesar against Pompey
Defeats Pompey in Greece (48-47 BC)Returns to Rome (46 BC)Senate appoints him dictator for 10 years (44 BC) – he has absolute power
Anitpater II and Hyrcanus II gave valuable aid to Caesar by sending reliefSlide19
Caesar’s Political DecreesGrants citizenship to people in provinces outside RomeExpands the Senate to 900, making it more representative of the empireLandowners must use 1/3 free men for workersExpands the Roman provinces through conquestSets up a public works program for jobsHowever, he is killed in 44 BC the same year begins his ruleSlide20
Second TriumvirateFormed to avenge Caesar’s death (43 BC)Ruled for 10 yearsOctavian, grand nephew of CaesarMarc Antony, military generalLepidus, powerful politicianLater disbanded, creating another civil warOctavian became the sole ruler (emperor) of RomeSlide21
Antipater II, Phasael and HerodIn gratitude, Caesar appointed Antipater II as the administrator of Judea (47 BC)Under CassiusAdds territories to Judea taken from PompeyAntipater II appoints his two sons to posts
Phasael is made governor of JerusalemHerod is made governor of GalileeAfter Caesar is murdered (44 BC), Cassius seizes control of Judea
Antipater II is murdered (43 BC)
Phasael and Harod become joint rulers of Judea (42 BC)Slide22
Marc Antony and OctavianOctavian was Caesar’s nephewAntony and Octavian defeat Cassius and Brutus in the battle of Philippi (42 BC)Philippi becomes a Roman colony, making them Roman citizens (Acts 16:12)Phasael and Herod switch allegiance to Antony, who confirms their positionParthians invade Palestine40 BC
Capture and imprison Hyrcanus II and PhasaelHerod escapes, eventually to RomeSlide23
Herod’s RiseIn Rome, Herod makes a favorable impression on Octavian and AntonySenate appoints him “king of the Jews” 40 BCAdded parts of Samaria and Idumea to his kingdomOnly “theoretical” at this time because it was controlled by the ParthiansHerod then sets out to retake his kingdom
Jerusalem falls in 37 BCMore on that story next weekSlide24Slide25
Review
Reviewed last week’s lesson
Reviewed the various Jewish politico-religious groups of the time
Learned about Pompey’s role in the Jewish civil war
Learned about the rise and fall of Julius Caesar
Victory over Pompey
Political decrees which impact Judea
Caesar’s murder
Learned how Herod rises from governor of Galilee to a defeated leader living in Rome
Learned about Antony and Octavius