Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370headings are c - PDF document

Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370headings are created according to the following principles: . A narrower term reference is made to a given subject heading are arranged in a hierarchy. The following Apes Buildings, Prefabricated Primates Women executives Cinematography Executives Physical anthropology Toes Ethnology Foot Whitewater Lake (Wis.) &#x/MCI; 29;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 29;&#x 000; BT LakesBWisconsin Belleau Wood, Battle of, France, &#x/MCI; 32;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 32;&#x 000; 1918 World War I] H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms : (Continued) (RT) reference is made from each to the other. Rugs Carpets Carpets Athletes Sports Sports headings is a necessary component in the definition of the other. For example, 1985. Headings that conform to these principles are coded as "evaluated" with value ("not evaluated") or ("not applicable" [no references present]) in field 008/29 do not necessarily conform to these Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370a. General rule When establishing a new heading, follow the principle described above in creating its reference structure, making appropriate the guidelines for making references for for example, H 690, sec. 10.b and 10.c, for geographic names; H 1332, sec. 4.b., for biological names. The automated system generates the "reciprocal" Hot dog rolls Bread Bread Baked products Except in the situations described below, make at least one heading. Make this even if both headings begin with the same word. "Orphan" headings, that is, headings having no ity file. There are, however, a limited number of situations in which "orphan" headings are permitted, including the Headings that are "top terms," that is, the broadest topic in a given hierarchy, for example, Headings for geographic regions. Headings for family names. H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms Inverted headings qualified by names of languages, nationalities, ethnic groups, or terms that designate time periods, when the only entical qualifer. For example, outinely made, especially for belles broader terms with the qualifier in the initial position, for example, In general, do not make a reference from one heading with a subdivision to a narrower heading with the same subdivision. Instead, make the unsubdivided headings. Lamas not LamasLineage Do not make references between individual been, or should be, made (see H 371). Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370b. Number of references to be made Most single-concept headings belong to only . Some headings may incorporate more than one concept in more than one hierarchy and require additional s, but rarely more than three. Link a new heading only to the heading in the logical hierarchy by means Automobiles not Automobiles If a new heading is a member of more thanheading in each hierarchy. Women college administrators College administrators Women executives Women in education c. Establishing headings to fill hierarchical "gaps" When establishing a new e missing heading comes readily to mind or becomes apparent after checking dictionaries, other thesauri, etc. These situations are generally fairly obvious in the sciences, but less obvious in the humanities and social H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms d. Revising existing reference structures When establishing a new heading that is an intermediate term in a hierarchy, add the new heading as a to the authority records for headings broader than the newly-established intermediate term. When the heading references were also made to the existing headings Jewelry Specialty stores Specialty stores &#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000; BT Stores, Retail Jewelry stores Specialty stores Museum stores Museum stores Specialty stores e. Complex situations Many subject headings incorporate more than one concept, and therefore do not generally lend themselves to strict hierarchical reference treatment. These include headings modified by preposith certain parenthetical additions. As a general rule, when establishing a new heading of this type, make a from the generic heading for the term that is the second elemmay not be truly hierarchical. Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370A number of different complex situations have been identified for which special s have been made. These decisions are reflected in subject authority records in which the references have been coded as "evaluated." On the following pages are examples of some of these decisions. of these decisions. . Make a from the heading (or its equivalent) that follows the word from the heading that corresponds to the subdivision. BContracting out [ . . . ] Contracting out BTransliteration &#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000; BT Transliterations &#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 19;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 19;&#x 000;Note: In some instances this rule is followed only when there is In some instances this rule is followed only when there is BDiagnostic use &#x/MCI; 22;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 22;&#x 000; BT Diagnosis [or more specific type of diagnosis, if established] Some subdivisions that are normally free-floating are occasionally established because of special circumstances. In such situations, make no . For example, when Law and legislationmade under is normally H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms Certain subdivisions must be established each time they are used. For the following subdivisions of this type, make no heading for the concept represented by the term in the subdivision: in the subdivision: BApplication &#x/MCI; 9 ;&#x/MCI; 9 ;[ . . . ]BComplications lications country]BForeign relationsB[period subdivision] &#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;[ . . . ]BReligious aspects &#x/MCI; 12;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 12;&#x 000;[ . . . ]BUtilization &#x/MCI; 13;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 13;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 15;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 15;&#x 000;Note: Although no BTs are made in these situations, UF references are required in some cases, as reflected in subject authority records in which the references are coded as "evaluated." &#x/MCI; 16;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 16;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000;(d) Topics subdivided by other topics. Certain topics are constructed in the form of a single heading subdividefor example, ple, topic], Conflict of lawsstopic], SellingB[name of product], Strikes and lockoutsB[group of workers], etc. In such situations, make no ke no &#x/MCI; 22;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 22;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 23;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 23;&#x 000;Note: Although no be made from the reversed form. Example: UF Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370 Make a from the heading that corresponds to the term(s) following the preposition. group of people] &#x/MCI; 9 ;&#x/MCI; 9 ; BT [group of people] &#x/MCI; 10;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 10;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;Church work with [group of people] &#x/MCI; 12;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 12;&#x 000; BT [group of people] &#x/MCI; 13;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 13;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000;Communication in [unication in [specific field] &#x/MCI; 16;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 16;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 17;&#x 000;[ . . . ] in interior decoration &#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 18;&#x 000; BT Interior decoration &#x/MCI; 19;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 19;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 20;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 20;&#x 000;(b) Special situations involving prepositional phrases. Case-by-case pattern reference decisions have been made for several types of headings concepts in children. These decisions are reflected in subject authority coded as "evaluated." The following is a representative sample of these decisions: le of these decisions: group of people] in medicine dicine name of sport] for women &#x/MCI; 26;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 26;&#x 000; BT Sports for women [ . . . ] in the Bible [ . . . ] in art [no BT] [no BT][ . . . ] in literature H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms Make a from the general heading for the legal system. [ . . . ] (Roman law) Roman law2. Related term references In order to focus emphasis on hierarchical references, simplify complexity of , restrictive rules are in effect for making related term references with the intended effect of minimizing the number of related term references that are made. Do not make related term references in the following situations: To link two headings that begin with the same word or word stem. For example, do as related terms. Two such headings may be linked as related terms if they are "top terms," that is, if they stand at th For example, may be linked as related terms. To link two headings that have a common broader term at any level of the hierarchy. Two such headings may be linked as related terms if the eir meanings overlap considerably, or interchangeably. For example, may be linked as related terms even though they have the common broader term . Such close relationships between terms rarely occur, Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms H 370. (Continued) To link two headings if terms at higher levels of either of their respective hierarchies are already linked as related terms. For example, do not link International organization as related terms, since related term to level in the hierarchy for International organizationMake related term references only in the followi To link two terms with meanings that overlap to some extent, or terms used somewhat interchangeably. Boats and boating Ships Ships but not &#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 14;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 15;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 15;&#x 000;Search dogs Rescue dogs Rescue dogs since both headings have the broader term To link a discipline and object studied. Ornithology Birds Birds but not &#x/MCI; 28;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 28;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 29;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 29;&#x 000;Masks Mask making Mask making since both headings begin with the same word] H 370 Broader Terms, Narrower Terms, and Related Terms To link persons and their fields of endeavor. Medicine Physicians Physicians but not &#x/MCI; 10;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 10;&#x 000; &#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;&#x/MCI; 11;&#x 000;Banks and banking Bankers Bankers since both headings begin with the same word stem]