2014 Update Dominic Reisig NCSU Entomology Contents of This Presentation Refuge compliance Does corn earworm impact corn yield Cry1Fresistant fall armyworm Seed treatment value for NC corn ID: 689586
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Slide1
North Carolina Corn Insect Pest
2014 Update
Dominic Reisig NCSU EntomologySlide2
Contents of This Presentation
Refuge complianceDoes corn earworm impact corn yield?Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm
Seed treatment value for NC corn
Resistance development of corn earworm to Bt
Stink bug management in corn
Research Issues Not in This PresentationSlide3
Description
Caterpillar Traits
Rootworm Traits
Agrisure
CB/LL
Cry 1AB (Bt11)
NoneAgrisure 3000GTCry 1AB (Bt11)Cry 3A (modified)Herculex I (HX1)Cry 1F (HX1)NoneHerculex XTRA (HXX)Cry 1F (HX1)Cry 34/35Ab1YieldGard VT Triple (VT3)Cry 1AB (YGCB)Cry 3Bb1Genuity VT Triple Pro (GENVT3P)Cry 1A.105 + Cry2Ab2Cry 3Bb1Genuity VT Double Pro (GENVT2P)Cry 1A.105 + Cry2Ab2NoneGenuity VT Double Pro RIB (GENVT2P RIB)Same as above + RIB *NoneGenuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax (GENSS or SSX)Cry 1A.105 + Cry2Ab2 + Cry 1F (HX1)Cry 3Bb1 + Cry 34/35Ab1Genuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax RIB (GENSS or SSX)Same as above + RIB *Same as above + RIB *Agrisure Viptera 3110Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + VIP3A (MIR162)NoneAgrisure Viptera 3111Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + VIP3A (MIR162)Cry 3A (modified)Agrisure Viptera 3220Cry 1Ab (Bt11) + VIP3A (MIR162) + Cry1F (HX1)NoneOptimum IntrasectCry1Ab (YGCB) + Cry 1F (HX1)NoneOptimum AcreMax Cry1Ab (YGCB) + Cry 1F (HX1)NoneOptimum AcreMax Xtra Cry1Ab (YGCB) + Cry 1F (HX1)Cry 34/35Ab1
Traits of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn Products
* Non-Bt Refuge in Bag Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. TennesseeSlide4
* Unless Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm is present Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. Tennessee
Traits / Brands
Corn borers
Cutworm
Corn earworm
Fall armyworm
Western corn rootwormAgrisure CB/LL ExcellentPoorFairGoodNoneAgrisure 3000GTExcellentPoorFairGoodGoodHerculex I (HX1)ExcellentGoodPoorVery Good *NoneHerculex XTRA (HXX) ExcellentGoodPoorVery Good *ExcellentYieldGard VT Triple (VT3) ExcellentPoorFairFairExcellentGenuity VT Triple Pro (GENVT3P)ExcellentPoorGoodVery GoodExcellentGenuity VT Double Pro (GENVT2P)ExcellentPoorGoodVery GoodNoneGenuity VT Double Pro RIB (GENVT2P RIB) ExcellentPoorGoodVery GoodNoneGenuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax (GENSS or SSX)ExcellentGoodVery GoodVery Good *Excellent
Genuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax RIB (GENSS or SSX)
Excellent
Good
Very GoodVery Good *ExcellentAgrisure Viptera 3110 ExcellentGoodExcellentExcellentNoneAgrisure Viptera 3111 ExcellentGoodExcellentExcellentGoodAgrisure Viptera 3220 ExcellentVery GoodExcellentExcellentNoneOptimum Intrasect ExcellentVery GoodFairVery Good *NoneOptimum AcreMax ExcellentVery GoodFairVery Good *NoneOptimum AcreMax XtraExcellentVery GoodFairVery Good *Excellent
Relative Efficacy of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn ProductsSlide5
Traits / Brands
Refuge Requirement
Agrisure CB/LL
50%
In-field, adjacent, block ½ mile
Agrisure
3000GT50%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileHerculex I (HX1)50%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileHerculex XTRA (HXX) 50%In-field, adjacentYieldGard VT Triple (VT3) 50%In-field, adjacentGenuity VT Triple Pro (GENVT3P)20%In-field, adjacentGenuity VT Triple Pro RIB (GENVT3P RIB) 20% + RIB *In-field, adjacentGenuity VT Double Pro (GENVT2P)20%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileGenuity VT Double Pro RIB (GENVT2P RIB) 20% + RIB *In-field, adjacentGenuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax (GENSS or SSX)20%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileGenuity or Dow AgroSciences SmartStax RIB (GENSS or SSX)20% + RIB *In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileAgrisure Viptera 3110 20%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileAgrisure Viptera 3111 20%In-field, adjacentAgrisure Viptera 3220 20%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileOptimum Intrasect 20%In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileOptimum AcreMax 20% + RIB *In-field, adjacent, block ½ mileOptimum AcreMax Xtra20% + RIB *
In-field, adjacent, block ½ mile
Refuge Requirements (Southern US) of Selected, Commercially Available Bt Corn Products
* Non-Bt Refuge in Bag Slide adapted from Scott Stewart, U. TennesseeSlide6
Why refuge?
Slide adapted from Department of Soil and Crop Sciences at Colorado State UniversitySlide7
Example Refuge Configurations
Image adapted from Canadian Corn Pest CoalitionSlide8
Common Refuge Questions
Can the refuge be protected from lep. pests?
Yes, using non-Bt insecticides
How should the refuge hybrid be selected?
Chose a hybrid with a similar maturity and plant it as close in time as possible to the Bt hybridWhat happens to those who don’t plant refuge?Required by law through EPA
Contract occurs at time of purchase of Bt hybrid
Warning letter on first offense, with compliance assessment the following yearNo Bt corn after second offense (in consecutive year)Slide9
Common Refuge Questions
Who checks for complianceIndependent third partiesTelephone survey, on-farm visits
Are seed purchases tracked?
Of course, but companies don’t share information
How can I know the refuge requirement?Check the bag tagOnline search “refuge calculator”
Yes, there is an app for that-
iPhone and Android…Slide10
Common
mid- to late-season lep. pest
Occasional mid-
to late-season
lep
. pests
CutwormArmywormsSouthern cornstalk borerEuropean corn borerCorn earwormSlide11
No control
Agrisure RWHerculex RWYieldGard Rootworm
YieldGard VT Rootworm/RR2
Poor-fair control
Herculex I
Herculex XTRA
Fair-goodVery goodYieldGard VT2 ProYieldGard VT Triple Pro SmartStaxAgrisure CB/LLYieldGard Corn BorerAgrisure CB/LL/RWAgrisure GT3000YieldGard PlusYieldGard VT TripleCorn earworm control with Bt hybridsExcellentAgrisure VipteraSlide from F.P.F. Reay-Jones, Clemson U.Slide12
To date, I have not documented a single yield loss due to corn earworm
feeding in the ear in North Carolina
Does corn earworm impact yield?Slide13
Example of past experiment- 2011Slide14
Does Corn Earworm Affect Yield?
Plots of 14 rows x 50 ft planted in Florence, SC, and in Plymouth, NC (
n
= 4 replications).
Near-isolines for Bt and non-Bt hybrids (HX1; HX1 +
YGCB;
VT3; VT2Pro).Applications of Prevathon (20 oz/ac) twice a week (15 applications in Florence, 18 applications in Plymouth) using a backpack sprayer.Created treated and untreated subplotsSampled 20 ears per plot for corn earworm injury and yieldSlide15
Florence, SC
Plymouth, NC
Area of Kernels Injured by Earworm in 2012
= hybrids shared same genetic backgroundSlide16
Florence, SC
Plymouth, NC
Area of Kernels Injured by Earworm in 2013
= hybrids shared same genetic backgroundSlide17
Relationship between feeding and yieldSlide18
Conclusions
Corn earworm did not affect yield (NC or SC)Hybrids should be chosen based on other agronomic considerations than earwormBt is probably still necessary for stalk pests (southern cornstalk borer & European corn borer)
Some of these genes active against corn earworm also have activity on other pests
May have fit for late-planted corn
Aflatoxin level may be reduced by eliminating earworm, but effect is highly dependent on hybrid genetics and environment
armywormSlide19
Safe for
any use
Fit only for cattle, will
not accept above this level
Non-BtSlide20
Cry1F-resistant fall armyworm found in Hyde County, 2013Slide21Slide22Slide23Slide24
What adjustments should we make in 2014?
Hybrids with Genuity SmartStax, Herculex and Optimum Intrasect contain Cry1FWidestrike
countains
Cry1F + Cry1AcClosely monitor corn and cotton for resistanceAugustPlant refuge
Plant refuge
Plant refuge