PPT-Regs L1 cache (SRAM) Main memory

DRAM Local secondary storage local disks Larger slower and cheaper per byte storage devices Remote secondary storage distributed file systems Web servers Local disks hold files retrieved from disks on remote network servers. Cache Memory. Computer Organization and Architecture. William Stallings . 8th Edition. Memory subsystem. Typical computer system is equipped with a hierarchy of memory subsystems, some internal to the system (directly accessible by the processor) and some external (accessible by the processor via an I/O module).. Applications. Komal Kasat. Gaurav Chitroda. Nalini Kumar. Outline . Introduction. MPEG-4. Architecture. Simulation. Results . Conclusion. INTRODUCTION. Multimedia. Combination of graphics, video, audio. Memory and Performance. Many . of the following slides are taken with permission from . Complete . Powerpoint. Lecture Notes for. Computer Systems: A Programmer's Perspective (CS:APP). Randal E. Bryant. Reetuparna Das. Assistant Professor, EECS Department. Massive amounts of data generated each day. 3. Near Data Computing. Move compute near storage. Processing in Memory (PIM). IRAM, DIVA, Active Pages, . Enabling Ultra Low Voltage System Operation by Tolerating On-Chip Cache Failures. Amin Ansari. , Shuguang Feng, Shantanu Gupta, and Scott Mahlke. Advanced Computer Architecture Lab.. University . of Michigan, Ann Arbor. for. . OR1200 CPU Core. Arijit . Banerjee ASIC/SOC Class 2014. Dated 05/09/2014. Motivation. 2. ASICs/SoCs have billions of transistors. Impossible to design everything manually. Why it works: The principle of locality. How it . works. : The architectural details. Von Neumann Architecture. Cost/performance analysis is a constant theme in computer engineering ‒ which is why the proper choice of performance metric is important. Storage technologies and trends. Locality of reference. Caching in the memory hierarchy. CS 105. Tour of the Black Holes of Computing. Random-Access Memory (RAM). Key features. RAM. is traditionally packaged as a chip.. Lecture for CPSC 5155. Edward Bosworth, Ph.D.. Computer Science Department. Columbus State University. The Simple View of Memory. The simplest view of memory is . that presented . at the ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) level. At this level, memory is a . Dr. . Nizamettin AYDIN. naydin. @. yildiz. .edu.tr. nizamettinaydin@gmail.com. http://. www.yildiz. .edu.tr/~naydin. 1. Memory . Hierarchy. 2. Outline. Introduction. Characteristics. Memory . hierarchy. Chapter 4 Cache Memory. Asst. . Prof. Dr. Gazi Erkan BOSTANCI. ebostanci@ankara.edu.tr. Slides. . are. . mainly. . based. on . Computer. . Organization. . and. Architecture: . Designing. . for. Virtual Memory Use main memory as a “cache” for secondary (disk) storage Managed jointly by CPU hardware and the operating system (OS) Programs share main memory Each gets a private virtual address space holding its frequently used code and data Packet Buffers. EE384. Packet Switch Architectures. The Problem. All packet switches (e.g. Internet routers, Ethernet switch) require packet buffers for periods of congestion.. Size:. A commonly used “rule of thumb” says that buffers need to hold one . The basic objective of a computer system is to increase the speed of computation. Likewise, the basic objective of a memory system is to provide fast, uninterrupted access by the processor to the memory such that, the processor can operate at its expected speed. .