Nile River Valley The geography of the Nile River Valley greatly contributed to political development The Nile River has 6 cataracts massive waterfalls Ancient Egypt is divided into 2 ID: 251257
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Slide1
Unit #3: Cradles of Civilization
Nile River ValleySlide2
The geography of the Nile River Valley greatly contributed to political development.
The
Nile River has 6 cataracts – massive waterfalls.Slide3Slide4
Ancient Egypt
is
divided into 2 different physical
regions:
Upper Egypt
– so named because of the
higher elevationLower Egypt – Nile delta region where the river meets the Mediterranean SeaSlide5
Around
5000 BCE
, ancient Egyptians lived in small, independent villages with each village having
its
own rituals,
worshipping its
own deity, and being ruled by its own leader.By
3200 BCE
, the
villages
came
under the rule of either Upper or Lower Egypt
, depending on its location on the Nile.Slide6
Upper and Lower Egypt
are
united in 3200 BCE by Narmer,
who
settles the capital in Memphis near the 1
st
cataract and establishes the 1st dynasty (sequence of rulers from the same family)Ancient Egypt would go on to have nearly 30 different dynasties, spanning a period of over 2600 years.Slide7
Egyptian monarchs
are referred to as
pharaohs, who were thought to be deities in their own right and were responsible with the kingdom’s wellbeing. Pharaoh’s were thought to continue ruling in the afterlife.Slide8
Ancient Egyptians were
polytheistic
and running totals of their deities amount to about 2000.Some of the most important and popular deities included:
Re – sun deity
Osiris – deity of the dead
Isis – deities of mothers and wives
Anubis – deity and guide of the underworldSlide9
In order to pass into the afterlife, Anubis was said to weigh your heart. If it was light as a feather, you were granted eternal life; however, if it was heavy it was said to be full of sin. The Devourers of Souls would then eat your impure heart and no eternal life for you. Sorry, not sorry.Slide10
Social mobility was possible via marriage and literacy.
Women
had many of the same rights as men, such as owning and trading property
,
proposing marriage
, and/or
seeking divorce.Slide11
s
ocial hierarchy:Slide12
Ancient Egypt divided into
3 time periods:
Old Kingdom (2700-2200 BCE)Middle Kingdom (2200-1650 BCE)
New Kingdom (1550-1100 BCE)
The
distinction between periods marks
a time when the divinity and power of the
pharaoh is questioned
.
During the century between the Middle and New Kingdoms, Egypt is occupied by the Hyksos, horse-riders from the Levant.