ADHD Theories Presentation Gretchen Day Department

Transcript:ADHD Theories Presentation Gretchen Day Department:
ADHD Theories Presentation Gretchen Day Department of Psychology, North Central University Psychology 6708-2 ADHD & Autistic Spectrum Dr. Bettye Griffin December 17, 2023 Historical Development of ADHD Terminology (Smith, 2012). Medical, cultural, educational, social, political, technological, and science which are constantly changing, lead to changes in diagnostics and labels. Post encephalitic disorder neurological condition led to hyperactivity 1920s. Morbid defect of moral control with associated physical disease and symptoms. Abnormal behavior associated with neurological trauma. Hyperactivity (disorder that applies to seriously disturbed psychiatric patient ward children) pre-1950s Minimal brain damage (caused by medical illness) Minimal brain dysfunction (could be caused by illness or a biologically born disorder) Stereo typical image of psychologist in 1960 is Freudian sit on a couch, but with advent of new drugs by pharmaceutical companies, children could be analyzed by a biology-based psychiatrist where philosophy rooted in neurological background. Historical Development of ADHD Terminology Cont. (Smith, 2012) *Changes in labels and terminology has changed how hyperactivity is understood/theorized. Laufer and Denhoff called it Hyperkinetic Impulse Disorder (1957). Laufer and Denhoff first to restrict study and treatment of hyperactivity to children’s schoolwork, not just violent and immoral behavior and extreme psychiatric cases. Made term applicable to millions of children instead of a select few. 1st to consider it very common. Can apply to a large population instead of a small number of disturbed children. Some of these characteristics are found normal in the course of all children. American Psychiatry DSM-II 1968=Hyperkinetic Reaction of Childhood (Adolescence) Hyperactivity prevalent term used by general population 1960s-1980s. Disorder could contribute to educational problems and lead to academic disturbances. DSM-III Attention Deficit Disorder/ADD 1980 (focus attention deficit & distractibility). DSM-IIIR Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD 1987 (focus was on hyperactivity/once labeled the label sticks children, adolescents and adults). (Smith, 2012) Political Changes Influence on Theories of Hyperactivity (Smith, 2012). Why has mental illness, including hyperactivity, become such a popular phenomenon in the last 50 years? Theory history of hyperactivity is as much about story of changes in political, cultural, technological, domestic and educational environment as much as it is about medicine. World War II shaped how we look at what is acceptable personal behavioral characteristics to be productive in society. (ie: 2 million individuals were rejected for war service due to psychiatric conditions.) Cold war led to fight between Russia and US over educational superiority. Led to US return to more strict, subject