Commonly Seen Infectious and Non-Infectious Skin

Transcript:Commonly Seen Infectious and Non-Infectious Skin:
Commonly Seen Infectious and Non-Infectious Skin Disorders in the School-Aged Child Melinda Rodriguez DNP, APRN, FNP-BC Nursing Education Doctor’s Hospital at Renaissance Health Systems Disclosures Nothing to disclose Objectives Discuss a brief overview of the anatomy and physiology of the skin Discuss the importance of history collection Discuss infectious skin disorders affecting the school-aged child Discuss the non-infectious skin disorders affecting the school-aged child Discuss assessment and management of Acanthosis Nigricans (AN) Brief Overview of Integumentary System Provides an elastic, rugged, self-regenerating cover for the body Largest organ of the body Includes: hair and nails Maintains and keeps body structures in place Anatomy and Physiology Comprised of several layers Protects against microbial and foreign substance invasion Regulates body temperature Provides sensory perception via nerve endings Produces vitamin D from precursors in skin Contributes to blood pressure regulation Functions of the Skin Complex organs made up of may cell types Largest organ of the body Provides barrier between external and internal environments Provides protection against organisms Skin receptors relay: touch, pressure, temperature and pain to CNS Also provide ability for localization and discrimination McCance & Huether, (2014). Overview of the Skin Assessment Problems may arise from many mechanisms and inflammatory processes Some causes may be environmental, traumatic and secondary to exposures Evaluation of skin disorders require a in-depth focus history and PE Assess for infectious symptoms: fever, itching Look at the presentation of lesion, configuration and distribution Seidel, Ball, Dains et al., (2015). External Clues to Internal Problems Persistent pruritus may indicate chronic renal failure, liver disease, diabetes Supernumerary nipples located along mammary ridge, may be associated with renal problems Facial port wine stain may be associated with ocular defects, malformation of meninges Age-Appropriate History Gather data specific to current skin problems Family, PMH of similar problems Skin care routines Recent changes in skin, hair or nail care Sun-exposure habits; use of sunscreen Medication history Onset, date of occurrence History of recent travel Rx medications; OTC medications, lotions used History of Present Illness Note recent or past changes in the skin: pruritus, dryness, sores, rashes, lumps Symptoms: pain, exudate, bleeding, color changes Recent drug exposure; chemicals; Generalized symptoms: fever, travel hx Use of topical or oral medications Seidel et al., (2015). History (cont’d) Eating habits; allergies to foods Communicable disease exposure Allergic disorders; asthma Exposure to pets; animals Skin injury; outdoor exposures Nail biting Thinning of hair Seidel et al., (2015).