CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORTS OTHER THREE BASIC TISSUES OF THE BODY. IT CONSISTS OF CELLS,CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBRES AND INTERCELLULAR FIBRES. THERE ARE SOME SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUES THAT INCLUDE BONE(WITH MINERALIZED
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Presentation Transcript
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUPPORTS OTHER THREE BASIC TISSUES OF THE BODY. IT CONSISTS OF CELLS,CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBRES AND INTERCELLULAR FIBRES.
THERE ARE SOME SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUES THAT INCLUDE BONE(WITH MINERALIZED MATRIX),CARTILAGE(WITH HYDRATED MATRIX),AND BLOOD(FLOWING CONNECTIVE TISSUE).
CONNECTIVE TISSUE GIVES DEFINITE SHAPE TO ORGAN AND BODY,SUPPORT OTHER TISSUES,AND PERFORMS VARIOUS OTHER FUNCTIONS.<br>
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CONNECTIVE TISSUES ARE CLASSIFIED IN TO THREE GROUPS.
EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE- THESE ARE PRESENT ONLY IN EMBRYONIC LIFE. THEY ARE MESENCHYMAL AND MUCOID CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
GENERAL CONNECTIVE TISSUE- THESE ARE PRESENT IN ALL ORGANS OF BODY AN CLASSIFIED AS LOOSE AND DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE- THESE ARE CHARRACTERIZED BY SPECIALIZED NATURE OF THEIR EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. IT INCLUDES BONE, CARTILAGE , BLOOD, ADIPOSE TISSUE,AND LYMPHATIC TISSUE.<br>
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COMPONENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS- ARE OF TWO TYPES
RESIDENT CELLS- FIBROBLASTS,ADIPOCYTES,MACROPHASES,MAST CELLS,PIGMENT CELLS.
WANDERING/TRANSIENT CELLS- LYMPHOCYTES,PLASMA CELLS,NEUTROPHILS,EOSINOPHILS,BASOPHILS,AND MONOCYTES.
FIBRES-CONSISTS OF COLLAGEN FIBRES,ELASTIC FIBRES ANDRETICULAR FIBRES.
INTERCELLULAR GROUND SUBSTANCE- IT FILLS SPACE BETWEEN CELLS AND FIBRES.IT CONSISTS OF PROTEAO GLYCANS,GLYCOPROTEINS,AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS.<br>
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COLLAGEN FIBRES THESE ARE MOST ABUNDANT CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBRES.
LOCATIONS- TENDON,LIGAMENT,BONE,CARTILAGE AND MOST OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUES OF ALL ORGANS.
COLLAGEN FIBRES ARE STRONG,FLEXIBLE,INELASTIC,AND HAVE HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH.
COLLAGEN FIBRES USUALLY LIE IN BUNDLES.
COLLAGEN FIBRES ARE OF 29 TYPES.
COLLAGEN FIBRES ARE SYNTHESIZED BY FIBROBLAST.<br>
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RETICULAR FIBRES THESE ARE FINE FIBRES.
ARE COMPOSED OF TYPE III COLLAGEN FIBRES.
LOCATIONS-FORM A SUPPORTIVE NETWORK OF MANY ORGANS SUCH AS LIVER,LYMPHATIC TISSUE(ABSENT IN THYMUS),INTESTINE,GLAND,NERVES,BONEMARROW,AND MUSCLES.
RETICULAR FIBRES DO NOT FORM BUNDLES.THESE FIBRES ARE PRODUCED BY RETICULOCYTES OR FIBROBLASTS.
FUNCTIONS- RETICULAR FIBRES FORM SUPPORTIVE NETWORK AROUND CELLS OF MANY ORGANS.THEY HELP TO FORM BASEMENT MEMBRANE.<br>
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ELASTIC FIBRES THEY ARE FINE FIBRES.THEY RUN SINGLE AND BRANCH TO FORM A NETWORK.
LOCATIONS- SKIN,BLOOD VESSELS,ELASTIC CARTILAGES,LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE,LIGAMENTUM FLAVA,VOCAL FOLDS OF LARYNX,AND LUNG.
SYNTHESIS- ARE SYNTHESIZED BY FIBROBLASTS,SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS,ENDOTHELIUM IN VESSELS,AND CHONDROCYTES IN CARTILAGES.<br>
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GROUND SUBSTANCE/EXTRA CELLULAR MATRIX GROUND SUBSTANCES ALLOW DIFFUSION OF METABOLITES AND PROVIDES BARRIER FOR SPREAD OF MICRO ORGANISMS.
GROUND SUBSTANCE IS MADE UP OF THREE GROUP OF SUBSTANCES.
GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN: DERMATAN SULPHATE,KERATAN SULPHATE,HYALURONAN.
PROTEOGLYCAN: AGGRECAN,SYNDECAN.
GLYCOPROTEINS: FIBRONECTIN,LAMININ.<br>
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CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE<br>
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EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE MESODERM GIVES RISE TO EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE:
MESENCHYME.
MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE.
MESENCHYME- IT IS FOUND IN EMBRYO AND CONSISTS OF MESENCHYMAL CELLS.
MESENCHYMAL CELLS ARE,SPINDLE SHAPED,WITH FINE CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSES
SPACE BETWEEN MESENCHYMAL CELLS IS OCCUPIED BY GROUND SUBSTANCE,RETICULAR FIBRES,AND COLLAGEN FIBRES.<br>
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MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE IS PRESENT IN UMBILICAL CORD.IT SURROUNDS AND SUPPORTS UMBILICAL VESSELS.
MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONSISTS OF TWO COMPONENTS TWO COMPONENTS:CELLS AND WARTONS JELLY.
CELLS OF MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE ARE SPINDLE SHAPED WITH LONG ,THIN CYTOPLASMIC PROCESSES.
WARTONS JELLY- CELLS ARE EMBEDED IN GELATIN LIKE GROUND SUBSTANCE CALLED WARTONS JELLY.
WARTONS JELLY CONSISTS OF MOSTLY HYALURONIC ACID.
CELLS ISOLATED FROM MUCOUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE(WARTONS JELLY OF UMBILICAL CORD) WORK AS MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS.HENCE THESE CELLS CAN BE USED IN STEM CELLS THERAPY.<br>
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LOOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE/AREOLAR TISSUE IT IS A WIDE SPREAD CONNECTIVE TISSUE OF THE BODY. IT CONSISTS OF FIBRES :LOOSELY WOVEN COLLAGEN,RETICULAR,AND ELASTIC FIBRES. CELLS: ALL TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS,AND GROUND SUBSTANCE: FIBRES AND CELLS ARE EMBEDED IN ABUNDANT VISCOUS,GEL LIKE GROUND SUBSTANCES.
LOCATIONS- LAMINA PROPRIA,SUPERFICIAL FASCIA,SURROUNDING BLOOD VESSELS,NERVES,VISCERA,MUSCLES,PARENCHYMA OF GLANDS,AND MESENTERY.
FUNCTIONS- PROVIDES SUPPORT,PLANE FOR MOVEMENTS,SPACE FOR EXPANSION OF VISCERA AND VESSELS.<br>
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DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS LARGE AMOUNT OF FIBRES,AND LESS AMOUNTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS AND GROUND SUBSTANCE.
DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROVIDES STRENGTH TO TISSUE AND PROTECTION TO THE UNDERLYING TISSUE. DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE CAN BE GROUPED IN TO TWO CATEGORIES BASED ON ORIENTATION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE FIBRES.
DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE<br>
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DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE DENSE IRREGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE CONTAINS MOSTLY COLLAGEN FIBRES AND SMALL AMOUNT OF GROUND SUBSTANCE.
CELLS ARE MOSTLY FIBROBLASTS.
FIBRES ARE ARRANGED IRREGULARLY OR RANDOMLY IN BUNDLES.
LOCATIONS- DERMIS OF SKIN,DURAMATER,SUBMUCOSA OF INTESTINAL TRACT,PERICARDIUM,PERIOSTEUM,EPINEURIUM,SCLERA,CAPSULE OF VARIOUS ORGAN.
FUNCTIONS- PROVIDES STRENGTH TO STRUCTURE AND PROTECTION TO UNDERLYING TISSUE.<br>
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DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE THESE TISSUES CONTAINS PREDOMINANTLY TYPE 1 COLLAGEN FIBRES.
IT CONTAINS MORE COLLAGEN FIBRES AND VERY FEW CELLS.
REGULAR FIBROUS TISSUE OR WHITE FIBROUS TISSUE IS THE NAME GIVEN FOR DENSE REGULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE.eg.TENDON AND LIGAMENT.
LIGAMENTUM NUCHAE,LIGAMENTUM FLAVA CONTAINS ELASTIC FIBRES,HENCE THEY ARE CALLED ELASTIC LIGAMENTS.<br>
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ADIPOSE TISSUE ADIPOSE TISSUE IS A SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT PLAY A ROLE IN STORAGE OF FAT.
ADIPOSE TISSUE CONSISTS OF ADIPOCYTES/FAT CELLS.
THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
WHITE/YELLOW ADIPOSE TISSUE.
BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE.<br>
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YELLOW ADIPOSE TISSUE IT IS WHITISH OR YELLOWISH IN COLOUR.
IT IS HIGHLY VASCULAR.
ADIPOCYTE OF YELLOW FAT.
THESE ARE LARGE OVAL CELLS.
THEIR NUCLEI ARE FLAT AND PUSHED TOWARD ONE SIDE OF THE CELL. THEY HAVE VERY THIN RIM OF CYTOPLASM. CYTOPLASM GIVES SIGNET RING APPEARENCE.
LOCATIONS- SUPERFICIAL FASCIA,YELLOW BONE MARROW,OMENTUM,MESENTERY,AND AROUND VISCERA.<br>
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BROWN ADIPOSE TISSUE IT IS BROWNISH IN COLOUR.
ADIPOCYTES OF BROWN FAT.
LOCATIONS- MOSTLY FOUND IN NEW BORN BABIES AND ITS QUALITY DECREASES IN ADULT.
IN ADULTS IT IS LOCATED ON BACK AND NECK ,SCAPULAR REGION,AND POSTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL.
FUNCTIONS- IT PREVENTS EXCESSIVE HEAT LOSS FROM BODY SURFACES. IT CAN GENERATE HEAT (THERMOGENESIS) BY LIPID BREAK DOWN. THIS IS VERY IMPORTANT FOR NEW BORN.<br>
