Lecture 5: Introduction to Gene Expression: The

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Lecture 5: Introduction to Gene Expression: The central dogma We have seen how DNA, with the aid of specific polymerases and accessory proteins, is able to replicate. We have also seen how we can use this information to create

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Lecture 5: Introduction to Gene Expression:<br>
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The "central dogma" We have seen how DNA, with the aid of specific polymerases and accessory proteins, is able to replicate.
We have also seen how we can use this information to create autonomously replicating extra-chromosomal elements (i.e. plasmids).
However, the real utility of such systems arises when we use them to create proteins of interest. To get to proteins we have to go through RNA first.<br>
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Structural features of RNA: Similar to DNA except it contains a 2' hydroxyl group (makes phosphodiester bond more labile than DNA).
Thymine in DNA is replaced by Uracil in RNA.



RNA's can adopt regular three-dimensional structures which allow them to function in the process of genetic expression (i.e. the production of proteins).
This ability to adopt defined three dimensional structures which impart functionality places RNA in a unique class - somewhat akin to proteins, and different from DNA.
For example certain RNA molecules, when folded, exhibit catalytic capacities (e.g. the cleavage of RNA molecules).
The majority of RNA in cells is found in complexes with proteins. The most common example is ribosomes (involved in protein synthesis).
Transcription: the copying of DNA by an RNA polymerase to make RNA.<br>