Pre Ph.D. Course Work (Common Compulsory Course –

Transcript:Pre Ph.D. Course Work (Common Compulsory Course –:
Pre Ph.D. Course Work (Common Compulsory Course – II) Dr Sarita Pandey Assistant Professor of English Jananayak Chandrashekhar University, Ballia, U.P., India Best Practices/Standard Setting Initiatives and Guidelines COPE/WAME/DOAJ/OASPA etc. COPE-Committee on Publication Ethics DOAJ-Directory of Open Access Journals: unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone. Mission- to increase the visibility, accessibility, reputation, usage, impact of quality etc. An independent, non-profit organization managed by IS4OA (Infrastructure services for open access C.I.C. Started in 2003. It includes approx. 9000 journals. OASPA-Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association. It includes books and open access journals. Organizes an annual conference also WAME- World Association of Medical Editors-Virtual organization, founded in Italy, 1995 to promote cooperation and communication among medical journal editors. Goal- improving editorial standards, fostering international cooperation. Conflict of Interest The term ‘conflict of interest (COI) in research’ refers to situations in which financial or other personal considerations may compromise-or have the appearance of compromising-an investigator’s professional judgement in conducting or reporting research. A COI depends on the situation and not on the actions or character of an individual investigator. COI in research exists where an individual may preference, or be perceived to preference, their own interests or obligations over their duties and responsibilities as a researcher. Types: Actual, potential or perceived and involve financial and non-financial benefits. Financial COI- Any situation where you stand to gain or lose financially from a decision you asked to make. It might be direct or indirect. You might be deemed to share any financial interests your spouse or partner or organization has. It need not involve cash changing hands directly rather it could be an effect on land or shares you own etc. Non-Financial Conflict of Interest Any situation where you are not financially affected by a decision but are affected in some other way that might make you biased or appear to be biased. For e.g. It might arise from a family, colleague, relationship or any sort of personal relationship. Conflict of Roles Any situation where you are a decision maker for two different organizations about the same matter. It could be seen as another type of non-financial conflict. For e.g. if both organisations are involved in the same project or transaction, and you owe a duty of confidentiality to both, can you be