C apital Lubos Fendrych LubosFendrychstudentumledu Global Studies Program College of Fine Arts Humanities amp Social Sciences Some facts 880000 inhabitants but expecting to grow up to one million in 2020 ID: 815644
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Slide1
Stockholm: European Green Capital
Lubos
Fendrych
Lubos_Fendrych@student.uml.edu
Global Studies
Program
College of Fine Arts,
Humanities
& Social
Sciences
Slide2Some facts
880,000 inhabitants but expecting to grow up to one million in 2020
City built on 14 islands
40% of area is parks and green areas (the world´s first national city park)Awarded the EU Green Capital Status in 2010The only global city to meet stringent the World Health Organization’s recommended air contaminant standardsAmong best cities to live in (health care, education, business environment, the number of sunlight hours, environment)
Slide3Slide4Do you Fika? A
way
of life in SwedenFika as a noun refers to the combination of coffee and sweet snack But Fika as a verb means the act of partaking in
Swedish social life“I have learned, over a cup of coffee, for even a brief time to stop
doing
and to enjoy just
being“
(
Averbuch
, The New York Times, 2013)
Fika philosophy is also reflected in the Swedish approach to the environmental issues
Slide5Growing… But sustainably and environmental-friendly
30 major urban development project are currently under way (
Hammarby
Sjöstad, Stockholm Royal Seaport, etc.), plans to built 100,000 new homes by 2030 The key question is how to reach balance between ensuring that all city services will meet the expectations and requirements of citizens, and, simultaneously, will not endanger both the city´s goal to become fossil-fuel free city by 2030 (2050) and energy efficiency?The City´s Environmental
Programme and Stockholm City Plan=
> employing sustainable energy solutions, crafting smart environmental designs adapted
to future climate
change, and support ecological mea
n
s of transport
Slide6A case study of Hammarby Sjöstad – the first environmental city district
Based on a
closed
ecocycle where waste and energy use are minimized, and as much as possible is recycled and compostedHalf of the overall energy is produced by residents themselvesRenewable fuels, re-use of waste heat, production of biogas from wastewater, household energy efficiency (insulation, solar panels, green roofs, water-saving shower heads) => up to 50% reduction of energy consumption
Slide7Towards zero waste
99 % of all household waste is recycled, ecologically burned, composted or reused, 1% of waste ends up in landfills
recycling
stations are as a rule no more than 300 metres from any residential area Most Swedes separate all recyclable waste in their homes (80% of Swedish population support stringent ecological programs) A vacuum-powered tubes to transport and collect recyclables and garbage
Slide8Waste to Energy
50% of the household waste is burnt to produce energy at incineration plants
The
Högdalen co-generation plant separates combustible waste as an energy source in electricity and district heating productionThe remaining ashes which do not burn are sifted to extract gravel that is used in road constructionThe smoke from incineration plants consists of 99.9 per cent non-toxic carbon dioxide
Slide9Waste to energy
Sweden has
developed a large capacity for efficient and profitable waste treatment (imports 700,000 tonnes of waste from other countries)Re-using materials or products means using less energy to create a product, than burning one and making another from scratchStockholm households keep separating their newspapers, plastic, metal, glass, electric appliances, light
bulbs, batteries, and food waste
Newspapers are turned into paper mass, bottles are reused or melted into new items, plastic containers become plastic raw material; food is composted and becomes soil or biogas through a complex chemical
process
Slide10District Heating SystemHeating plants burn climate-neutral fuels (
biofuels
, household waste) and produce heating and electricity together (90% of the fuel´s energy can be utilized)
Accounts for almost 80% of total heating needsDue to the system, emissions of greenhouse gases have decreased by 40% since 1990.
Slide11Transportation in Stockholm
The key requirements: a high level of mobility and a low emission level
Congestion charge (up to 10 USD per day) => reduced emissions
( and traffic (around 20%) Rubbish trucks and all inner city buses are run on recycled electricity, ethanol or biogasA special focus on cycling and walking mobility80% travelers in rush hours use public transportWalking and cycling comprising
39% of all
trips
during
weekdays
, using cars account for
30%
Why
Stockholmers
are
willing
to
travel
by public transport?! =
>
Public transport accessibility is exceptionally high
Persuasive
“pull“ factors (bus corridors, bus rapid transit system, multi-modality, etc.)Aesthetics of public transport => “the world´s longest art gallery“ decorated with sculptures, paintings, engravings, etc.
Slide13Boston and recycling
Residential recycling rate is only on 20% (80% in San Francisco, 60% in Seattle)
Food waste comprises 25% of the current waste stream
100 cities have curbside collection of organic waste => Boston has only a voluntary programsInsufficient recycling capacity (the only one industrial scale composter in Marlborough)Does city of Boston (Massachusetts legislation) do enough to scale up recycling rate? “Chicken-and-egg“ problem in Boston: cannot begin a massive organic waste diversion program until there is capacity to process it, no company will build a new digester without a guarantee of volume
Slide14Boston and recycling
But thing are moving up! =>
The Massachusetts Commercial Food Waste Bill:
apply to all institutions producing more than one ton of food waste per week (1,700 public institutions) The new legislation enforces to donate the edible food, ship it to an digestion facility, or use it as animal feed Converted to the law on October, 1, 2014State’s overall waste-reduction plan: aims to reduce waste streams by 80% by 2050
Slide15References
OECD Green Growth Studies (2013):
Green Growth in Stockholm, Sweden
. http://www.oecd.org/about/publishing/corrigenda.htmThe London School of Economics and Political Science. LSE Cities Report. Stockholm: Green Economy leader Report, London, 161 p.Stockholms stad (2013): Stockholm: a sustainably growing city, 46 p.Averbuch, Y. (2013). The New York Times. In Sweden, the Fika Experience. http://www.nytimes.com/2013/11/13/sports/soccer/in-sweden-the-fika-experience.htmlThe Swedish Recycling Revolution (2014). https://sweden.se/nature/the-swedish-recycling-revolution/Midwest energy news (2013): Is burning garbage green? In Sweden, there is little debate.
http://www.midwestenergynews.com/2013/10/17/is-burning-garbage-green-in-sweden-theres-little-debate/Fitzgerald, J. (2013). The Boston Globe. Boston needs to embrace curbside collection of organic waste.
http://www.bostonglobe.com/opinion/2013/09/20/organic-waste-should-recycled-boston/UzKGiYwCUDpCVeatM4LvkJ/story.html
Ritchie, H. (2014).
Massachusetts Imposes Ambitious Law to Eliminate Commercial Food Waste.
http://www.sustainablebrands.com/news_and_views/waste_not/hannah_ritchie/massachusetts_imposes_ambitious_law_eliminate_commercial_foo