evaluation Meera Tiwari Kathryn Kraft Susannah Pickering Saqqa Missing girls Mixed methods evaluation Overview The missing girls literature The context Save the Girl Child Project Methodology ID: 810069
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Slide1
Missing girls: Mixed methods evaluation
Meera TiwariKathryn KraftSusannah Pickering Saqqa
Slide2Missing girls: Mixed methods evaluation
OverviewThe missing girls literatureThe contextSave the Girl Child Project
MethodologyFindings
2
Slide3Missing Girls: Literature
Anderson, S. and Ray, D. (2010) 'Missing Women: Age and Disease', Review of Economic Studies, 77(4), pp. 1262-1300.Anderson, S. and Debraj, R (2012), The Age Distribution of Missing Women, SPECIAL ARTICLE', Economic & Political Weekly, vol xlviI
(Nos 47 & 48 ), pp. 87-95.Dickemann, M. (1981) 'A Third Explanation for Female Infanticide', Human Ecology, 9(1), pp. 97-104.
Jayaraj, D. and S. Subramanian (2004) “Women’s wellbeing and the sex ratio at birth: Some suggestive evidence from India”, Journal of Development Studies, 40, 91-119.
Jha, P., R. Kumar, P. Vasa, N. Dhingra, D. Thiruchelvam, and R. Moineddin (2006) “Low male-to-female sex ratio of children born in India: national survey of 1.1 million households” , Lancet, 367, 211-18.
Sen
,
Amartya
(1990) “More Than 100 Million Women Are Missing” The New York Review of Books, 37(20), December 20, 1990.
Sen
, Amartya (1992) “Missing women” British Medical Journal, 304 (March), 587-588
3
Slide4The context
India’s falling child sex ratio in the 0-6 years group2011 Census: 918 girls to 1000 boys2001 Census: 927 girls to 1000 boys1991 Census: 945 girls to 1000 boys
Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act (PC-PNDT) of 1994 PC-PNDT Act amendment in 2003 to end
foeticideAnti-dowry act (ADC) since 1961
Criminalisation of PC-PNDT & ADC by the governmentBeti Bachao
Beti
Padhao
:save
the daughter, educate the daughter – launched in January 2015 by
GoI 4
Slide55
Slide66
Slide7Save the Girl Child Project: Childreach India (CRI)
Launched in 2012 to combat the falling child sex ratioLocated in Hissar (Haryana) in two low-income communities, – the state with the lowest ratio of 834:1000 in 2011 CensusObjective: empowering girls,
increasing value placed on girls & women in the communities targeted by project Project approach:
awareness-raising activities, advocacy activities, service
provision and facilitation, Primary participants: Currently married women, Adolescent
girls,
Teenage boys &
men
included in 2
nd
phase Local government, educators and health providers are also engaged in a variety of ways, particularly for advocacy and service provision purposesProject team and location
7
Slide8Evaluation Methodology-1
8
Evaluation Period: August
-
Nov
2015,
field
research
27
-30
October
Evaluation team: 3
external
consultants (EC),
all university academics with related expertise, assisted by
CRI staff trained by EC
Data: collected
through individual and group
interviews:
213 respondents to survey (all
project beneficiaries)
;
15
individual key
informants (
3 health workers, 3 school teachers, 3 community leaders, 4 project staff
)
6 focus
group discussions with
10 or more participants each
2
group interviews to review initial findings and analyse key findings using the Most Significant Change (MSC) story selection technique
Slide9Evaluation Methodology-2
9
Survey questionnaire: 11 questions
to assess
social
issues regarding women and gender in the
community
knowledge &
awareness
of
rights
& issues
regarding sex
selection
access
to available relevant services.
Answers inputted
via
Googleforms
and analysed quantitatively. In addition, stories told during each survey interview
recorded
for further qualitative analysis.
Key informant interviews: A purposive sample of project staff
&
local stakeholders
interviewed using
semi-structured
questions.
Focus Group Discussions:
participants or those touched by
the project
in any way
interviewed in groups, using
same questions
MSC
interviews/meetings: Drawing
stories captured
during all
3
above data
collection, ET selected 14 thematic representative stories
Two
groups
then asked to
select the story that they saw as “most significant” for each
domain and
explain why
Slide10Findings – 1: Social Issues
Both groups selected stories that highlighted the continued challenges women face in society, in particular the extent to which they do not yet fully enjoy trust, respect or value.“What are the biggest challenges that you face because of being a woman?” (or for men: “What are the biggest challenges that women face?
” *Choose UP TO three10
early marriage
dowry
education
families don’t want a girl child
too much work at home
Other
Female
Married
43 (18.5%)
33
(
14%)
63
(
27%)
21
(
9%)
29
(
12.5%)
43
(
18.5%)
Single
31 (23%)
26 (19%)
34 (25%)
14 (10%)
11 (8%)
20 (15%)
Female total
74
(
20%)
59
(
16%)
97
(
26%)
35
(
9.5%)
40
(
11%)
63
(
17%)
Male
Married
24 (22%)
18 (16.5%)
25 (23%)
8 (7%)
15 (14%)
19 (17%)
Single
7 (35%)
3 (15%)
4 (20%)
0
3 (15%)
3 (15%)
Widowed
7
1
1
0
0
0
Male total
32 (24%)
22 (17%)
30 (23%)
8 (6%)
18 (14%)
22 (17%)
TOTAL
106 (21%)
82 (16%)
128 (25%)
45 (9%)
58 (11%)
86 (17%)
Slide11Findings – 2: Knowledge and Awareness
Both stories highlight the importance of girls not only knowing their rights, but having the confidence to claim them The importance of education for a girl’s future: employment, be
independent and contribute to her family’s incomeBoth stories highlight the importance of girls not only knowing their rights, but having the confidence to claim them
Response summary: What do you think are the 3 most imp.
rights women have?11
Property
Education
Health services
Vote
Contraception and/or reproductive services
Marriage decisions
Other
Female
Married
53
(
19%)
63
(
23%)
24
(
9%)
52
(
19%)
22
(
8%)
30
(
11%)
34
(
12%)
Single
29 (21%)
34 (25%)
9 (6.5%)
21 (15%)
4 (3%)
27 (20%)
13 (9%)
Female total
82
(
20%
)
97
(
23%
)
33
(
8%)
73(
17.5%
)
26
(
6%)
57
(
14%)
47
(
11%)
Male
Married
26
25
11
27
4
13
15
Single
4 (20%)
4 (20%)
1
3 (15%)
1
6 (30%)
1
Widowed
1
1
1
0
0
1
0
Male total
31 (21%)
30 (21%)
13 (9%)
30 (21%)
5 (3%)
20 (14%)
16 (11%)
TOTAL
114
128
47
104
31
77
64
Slide1212
Findings - 3
Dimension of change/ Attribution code
E+
E-
I+
I-
O+
O-
Women’s rights
4
2
1
1
Housing
1
1
Care in old age
1
1
Girls’ empowerment
4
5
3
Women’s employment
2
2
1
1
Girls’/women’s safety
1
2214Knowledge of rights2 3 K of reproductive health1 1 K of right to education1 2 31PCPNDT Act1 5122Legal/social recourse1 213 Foeticide 2 2 Access to reproductive health services2 1 1 Access to other health services7 1 12Access to education3 1 32Access to legal/ inst redress1 22
Attribution
Positive
change explicitly attributed to the project - E+
Negative/no change explicitly attributed to the project - E-
Positive change implicitly attributed to the project - I+
Negative/no change implicitly attributed to the project - I-
Positive change explicitly attributed to other factors - O+
Negative change explicitly attributed to other factors - O-
No attribution - N