Ram Humbare Introduction Transportation engineering deals with design development construction and maintenance of roadways railways airports docks and harbours tunnel bridges etc ID: 543360
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Slide1
Basic civil engineering
Ram HumbareSlide2
Introduction:-
Transportation engineering deals with design ,development ,construction and maintenance of roadways , railways, airports, docks and harbours, tunnel , bridges etc. in other words, it deals with transport of man & materials , through different communication routes as land, water and air.
Transportation engineeringSlide3
Transport:-
The term transport is derived from the latin word ‘transportare’ .
Trans means over &portare means carry i.e transportation means to carry from one place to another .TransportSlide4
Transport can be divided into three types as follow:Land transport
Water transport
Air transport
Modes of transportSlide5
Major types :-Roads
Railways
Land transportSlide6
Road network plays an important role in development of country & interior development of different areas of country.
Function:-
to connect all cities, towns and villages.
roadsSlide7
National Highway(N.H)State Highway(S.H)
District Road
Village RoadExpress Road
Types of roadSlide8
It connect capital cities of state.
Width of road is 7 to 15 m.
Carries fast and heavy traffic.Speed limit is @ 80kmphImportant road link to transport men and materials effectively.
National HighwaySlide9
It connect national to district places in state.
Width of road is 7 to 10 m.
Carry medium to fast traffic.Speed limit is @ 60 to 80kmph.
State HighwaySlide10
It is two part:-(a)Major district road.
(
b)other district road.Width of road is 5 to 8 m.
Connects district places to taluka place.
Speed limit is @ 60kmph.
Carry moderate traffic
District highwaySlide11
It connect village to district roadWidth of road is <5 m.
Very high traffic is expected.
Speed is @ 40kmph.
Village roadSlide12
Heavy and very fast traffic is expected.
No crossing are provided.
Two wheelers & three wheelers are not allowed.Speed is @ 100kmph.
Express highwaySlide13
Earthen roads.Water bound machadam roads.
Bituminous or tar roads.
Cement roadsRoad based on materialsSlide14
It is also called kuchha roads.
Local earth is used in construction of these roads.
These roads are provided in village areas.Earthen roadSlide15
WBM roads are provided in village areas.
WMB also act as the compact base for the bituminous road and concrete road.
The large sized stones are laid in the bottom course.Broken stone of 25 mm to 75 mm are laid in three layers on prepared subgrade.
Water bound mechadam roadsSlide16
It is flexible pavement.Bitumen act as binder, holds all material together.
First WBM surface prepared and then stone chips of 16 to 20 mm with bitumen are laid.
Thickness of this layer is 30 to 40mm.Smooth wearing course provided at the top.Durability is less as compared to concrete road.Corrugations are developed.
Bituminous roadsSlide17
It is Rigid pavement.It is more durable.
Cement act as a binder.
Corrugation are not developed.Less maintenance cost but repair difficult.It comprise of wearing surface on top, the base course below and sub-base at the bottom.
Concrete roadSlide18
There are two types of pavement.
Flexible pavement.
Rigid pavement.Types of PavementSlide19
These pavements acquire the shapes of underlying base course layers on application of load. Strength and rigidity is less as compared to rigid pavements .
e.g
. 1) Bituminous pavements 2) WBM roads 3) stabilized soil bases.
Flexible
pavementSlide20
These pavements do not acquire the shape of underlying base course layers on application of load.
These pavements have good strength durability. They also have more stiffness and thickness e.g.1)concrete roads.
Rigid pavementsSlide21
Railways play an important role in bulk transportation of men and material all over country.
Indian railway possesses largest rail network in Asia.
Delhi metro rail is one of the advance developments in Indian railways.
railwaysSlide22
Definition:
“A clear distance between inner faces of rail.”Two rails run parallel to each other and maintain gauge distance between them.
gaugeSlide23
Gauge
Distance
between inner face of rail
1) Narrow gauge
0.765 m
Meter gauge
1.000
m
3) Broad gauge
1.676 m
Types of gaugeSlide24
Central railways
western
railwaysEastern railwaysNorth-eastern railways
Southern railways
South central
railways
South-eastern
railways
North-western
railways
North-east frontier zone
ZonesSlide25
Roadways
Railways
1) Suitable for any distance.
1) Suitable for long distance only.
2) Maintenance cost is less.
2) Maintenance cost is more.
3) Suitable for steeper gradients.
3) Steeper gradients are avoided.
4) Problems of traffic jam, toll collection.
4) No such problems.
5) Frequency of accidents is more
5) Frequency of accidents is less.
6)Load carrying capacity is less.
6) Load carrying capacity is more.
7)Door to door
service is available.
7)Such service
is not available.
8)Speed achieved
is 60-100 km/hr.
8
) Speed achieved
is 100-150 km/hr.Slide26
Definition:-
“bridges can be defined as an over ground construction to cross over obstacles safely without disturbing the natural way below it.”
bridgesSlide27
It connect town and cities.In case of war destruction of bridges affect mobility of army and essential good.
Bridges engineering has special important in military engineering.
Importance of bridgesSlide28
Culverts - up to 06 mMinor bridges - 6 to 30 m
Major bridges - over 30 m
Types of bridgesSlide29
Definition :- tunnel can be defined as , “ an artificial under ground passage to by pass obstacles safely without disturbing the overburden i.e. land above it , to carry freights, passengers sewage, water etc.
tunnelsSlide30
Tunnel are more economical than open cuts beyond the certain depth.
In case of war, tunnels give the better protection.
Tunnels prove cheaper than the bridges and open cuts to carry gas, electrical lines. EtcCost of road project is deceased because of shortening of distance.Freedom for snow and iceberg hazard in cold countries.
Advantages of tunnelsSlide31
Initial cost of construction is high.Very heavy machinery, skilled
labour
is required for tunneling .Time required for construction is more.
Disadvantages of tunnelsSlide32
a) off-spur tunnels
b) saddle or base tunnels
c) slope tunnels d) spiral tunnels
Classification of tunnelsSlide33
a) conveyance tunnels
b) Traffics tunnels
Classification depends on purposeSlide34
a) Tunnels In hard rock .b) Tunnels in soft material.
c) Tunnels underneath river bed.
Classification depends on soilSlide35
Type of water transport:-
Inland water transport
Ocean water transport
Water
transportSlide36
It is in the term of: a) River
b)canalRiver transportation is popular is in rivers like in Gangas.
Inland water transportationSlide37
Ocean transport is used for the trade and commerce.Ocean transportation has no limitation and possesses high flexibility.
For national defence navy is established.
Ocean water transportation Slide38
It provides the powerful defence in emergency of national security.It is cheapest transportation.
It is help to development of industry and international trade.
Load carrying capacity is more.Cheap motive power is required for its works.Advantages of w.tSlide39
It is slow and consume more time.Chances of attacks on naval ships by pirates.
Chances of accident due to climate disasters such as storms, cyclones etc.
Specific water level should be maintained in canal transportation.Disadvantages of w.tSlide40
Definition:- “
A
haven or road stead of navigable waters well protected naturally or artificially from action winds ,waves and is located along sea shore or river estuary or lake or canal connected to sea.Horbour is a place where ships, boats, and barges can seek
shelter
from stormy weather, or else are stored for future
use.
harboursSlide41
a) Natural harbour.
b) semi-natural harbour.
c) Artificial harbour .Classification depends on protection neededSlide42
a) military harbour.b) harbours of Refuse.
c) fishery harbours.
d) commercial harbours.e) marine harbours.
Classification depends on utilitySlide43
a) Canal harbourss.b) River or estuary harbour.
c) lake harbour.
d) sea or ocean harbour.Classification on locationSlide44
Definition:-
“ an
area of water for building or repairing or loading and unloading ships or ferries.”For unloading and loading of cargo ship required of days.It is used to avoid the inconvenience .
docksSlide45
1)Wet docks:-
docks used for berthing of vessel for loading and unloading of cargo and passenger are called ‘wet docks’.2)Dry docks:-
docks used for repair of the vessels are called as ‘dry docks’.
Types of docksSlide46
Air transport is the fastest mode of transport, with speed more than 300kmph.
It is also three times speed of the sound
Air transportSlide47
It does not required any tracks as in case of roads and railways.
It is fast and speedy.
It is highly used in case of disasters i. e floods, cyclones etc.Useful in national defence.
It can be also used for aerial photography.
Advantages of a.tSlide48
Flight rules have to be followed strictly for smooth working of air transport.
It is more costly.
Frequency of accident is less but damage is tremendous.It can be affected by weather.
Disadvantages of a.tSlide49
Thank you