PPT-Enzyme Catalytic Mechanisms II

Dr Kevin Ahern Protease Mechanisms Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid Histidine Cysteine Electron rich Metal Other Protease Families Cysteine Aspartyl Metallo Papain Cathepsin D Carboxypeptidase A. educn The catalytic properties of nanocrystals NCs can be precisely tuned either by modifying their composition which mediates the electronic structure or by tailoring their shape which determines the surface atomic arrangement and coordination There Grand Challenges Summit. CATALYSTS. Breakout Chairs. : . . Mark . Barteau (U. . Michigan). . Cathy . Tway . (The Dow Chemical Company). Breakout Speakers. :. Plenary #1: Laura . Gagliardi. (U. Minnesota). International . welcomes submissions that are original and technically so as to serve both the developing world and developed countries in the best possible way.. OMICS Journals are poised in excellence by publishing high quality research. . Michal . Kouck. ý. Charles University. Based on joint work with: . H. . Buhrman. , R. Cleve, . B. . Loff. , F. . Speelman. , …. Space hierarchy. space . S. space . S’. Mechanisms. C483 Spring 2013. Questions. 1. . Replacement of the amino acid ________ at or near an active site of an enzyme is more likely to change enzyme activity than the replacement of ________ at or near the active site.. Copyright © 2002 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings. Enzymes. 3. 4. Pages 96 - 103. Enzymes. 1.. . Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers.. 2.. . Enzymes are substrate specific.. and . poisons. Rates of Reaction. Catalytic Converters. Exhaust fumes contain. CO – . due . to incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. NO & NO. 2. – . N. 2. . in air is oxidised at high temperatures. AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Enzymes. 1. Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions by lowering energy barriers.. 2. Enzymes are substrate specific.. 3. The active site is an enzyme’s catalytic center.. Chemical Basis for Catalytic Activity. Enzymes promote . transition state. (. TS. ).. Transition state favored by tight binding. .. Figure depicts anti-CCR-5 “protease”.. Strategy. : Raise against TS analogs.. Transferases and hydrolases catalyze group transfer reactions. Acyl transfer:. Hexo. kinase. catalyzes a phosphoryl transfer from ATP to glucose. Glycosidases. are hydrolases, catalyzing hydrolysis of . Therapy of enzyme defects: general considerations. How many organs are affected by the enzyme defect: One organ, a few, or all organs?. How severe is the defect?. Can the defect be adequately controlled by conventional treatment?. Regulation of enzymes Introduction andProperties of Enzymes Enzymes are characteristics to facilitate the Enzyme-catalyzed reactions take place Reactants need to pass over the energy barrier, Catalys Posttranscriptional Control Mechanisms. mRNAs Are Degraded at Different Rates. The range of mRNA stability in eukaryotic cells, measured in half-lives, varies from a few minutes to many hours or days. The mRNA molecules themselves appear to contain elements that dictate their decay rates. These elements include the poly(A) tail, the 5′ cap, and sequences that are located within the coding region. A major route for mRNA degradation begins with the progressive removal of its poly(A) tail, a process catalyzed by . E. . Vesselli. Physics Dept. and CENMAT, . Università. . degli. . Studi. di . Trieste (Italy. ). and. Laboratorio. . TASC IOM-CNR (Italy. ). . vesselli@iom.cnr.it. About the importance of. CO and CO2 catalytic reduction.