Lindsea Vaudt Laura Ruskamp 12712 Skill Objectives Ball over the net and inside the service box Difficult return or no return High ball velocity Ball spin Score Fluid rhythm Energy storage ID: 142501
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Slide1
Tennis Serve
Lindsea
Vaudt
Laura
Ruskamp
12.7.12Slide2
Skill Objectives
Ball over the net and inside the service box
Difficult
return or no return
High ball velocity
Ball spin
Score
Fluid rhythm
Energy storageSlide3
Special Characteristics
Types of Serves:
Flat: minimum spin, low,
straight
Most common
Highest velocity
Kick: heavy spin (top spin), more net clearance, direction change on
landing
Greatest force and torque
Highest injury potential
Slice: side spin, curves toward or away from
receiver
Lowest force and torqueSlide4
Top Serve Speeds
Men
Women
1. S.
Groth
(Australia):
163.4 mph
(2012)
1. V. Williams
(USA): 129 mph (2007)
2. I.
Karlovic
(Croatia):
156 mph (2011)
2. S. Williams (USA): 128 mph (2010)
3. M.
Raonic
(Canada): 155.3 mph (2012)
3. J.
Georges (Germany): 126.1 mph (2012)
4. A. Roddick
(USA): 155 mph (2004)
4. B. Schultz-McCarthy (Netherlands):
126 mph (2007)Slide5
Phases of the Tennis Serve
Phase 1:
Starting Position
Preparatory Movements
Phase 2:
Coil
Wind-Up
Backswing
Phase 3:
Un-CoilForce Producing MovementsAccelerationPhase 4:Follow-ThroughRecovery
*movements occur in all planes of motionSlide6
Federer Serve – Slow Motion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vcjZ5r_YHV0Slide7
Phase 1: Starting Position
Begins at “ready position” and ends with ball release from the non-dominant handSlide8
Phase 1: Starting Position
Knee flexion/extension, hip flexion/extension, shoulder rotation, back flexion/extension
Initiates the storage of potential energy in the upper limb
Low injury risk
Muscles used:
Rotator Cuff muscles, Quadriceps, Hamstrings,
GastrocnemiusSlide9
Phase 2: Coil
From ball release to point of maximal external rotation of dominant shoulderSlide10
Phase 2: Coil
Body twists away from net, knees and hips flex, back extends and rotates away from net
Helps
to store even more potential energy in the shoulder
Leads to a higher swing
velocity
Injury Risk:
Higher risk
Shoulder bears 40% of body weight
Impingement, anterior labral injuries, musculotendinous injuries Muscles used:Abdominal muscles, rotator cuff muscles,
pectoralis major is most activeSlide11
Phase 3: Un-Coil/Force Generation Slide12
Phase 3: Un-Coil/Force Generation
Power
Flexibility
Range of motion
in the shoulder and back
Racquet drop, “scratching the back”
Racquet parallel to the right side of the body
Rotation of the trunk and arm (shoulder over shoulder)
Shifts the angular momentum forward
Whiphips, torso, shoulder, arm, elbow, forearm, wrist and racquet movements Shoulders parallel to the net prior to impactNeed to use both upper and lower body Slide13
Phase 4: Follow-ThroughSlide14
Phase 4: Follow-Through
Skills following contact with the ball
Racquet arm follows across the body to the center line
Angular momentum into linear momentum
Body and arm rotation
Rotation of hips and shoulders
Hip and trunk rotation to get the right leg whipped around
End low and prepared for the return Slide15
Injuries
2-20 injuries per 1000 hours played
“Violent maneuver which requires power and acceleration”
High internal forces and repetitive mechanics are source of injury
Limit serve number, proper physical preparation, proper technique
Tennis Elbow (lateral
epicondylitis
):
Most common injury
Shoulder injuries also commonSlide16
Exercises
Focus:
Back and shoulder strength
Ex: resistance bands, light dumbbell exercises
External rotator strength
Stress experienced because of imbalance compared to internal rotators
Pronation
and
supination
of wristAbdominal muscles and core strengthLower limbsFlexibility - stretchingSlide17
Summary
Serve one of most important moments in tennis
Small changes have large effect on biomechanics of the serve and injury potential
Initial phases store potential energy
High potential for injury
Proper technique is key
Caused by high internal forcesSlide18
References
Abrams, G. D., Sheets, A. L.,
Andriacchi
, T. P., &
Safran
, M. R. (2011). Review of tennis serve motion analysis and the biomechanics of three serve types with implications for injury.
Sports Biomechanics, 10(4), 378-390.
Elliot
, B. (2006). Biomechanics and tennis.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 40, 392-396. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.023150
Eygendaal, D., Rahussen, F. T. G., & Diercks, R. L. (2007). Biomechanics of the elbow joint in tennis players and relation to pathology.
British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41, 820-823.
doi
: 10.1136/bjsm.2007.038307
Goktepe
, A.,
Ak
, E.,
Sogut
, M.,
Karabork
, H., &
Korkusuz
, F. (2009). Joint angles during successful and unsuccessful tennis serves; kinematics of tennis serve.
Joint Diseases and Related Surgery
,
20
(3), 156-160
.
Pro Tennis Internet Network. (2012, September 12).
Serve speed leaders. Retrieved from http://www.wtatennis.com/news/20120910/ids-serve-speed-leaders_2256076_1978722
Abrams, G. D., Sheets, A. L.,
Andriacchi
, T. P., &
Safran
, M. R. (2011). Review of tennis serve motion analysis and the biomechanics of three serve types with implications for injury.
Sports Biomechanics
,
10
(4), 378-390
.
Reid, M., Whiteside, D., & Elliot, B. (2011). Serving to different locations: Set up, toss, and racket kinematics of the professional tennis serve.
Sports Biomechanics
,
10
(4), 407-414.