MLA project BPBE0037 Phil Nichols Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia The project team What we did Developed new tools amp technologies to increase rate of genetic gain in annual legume breeding ID: 1047310
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1. Pre-breeding in annual legumesMLA project B.PBE.0037 Phil NicholsDepartment of Agriculture and Food Western Australia
2. The project team
3. What we didDeveloped new tools & technologies to increase rate of genetic gain in annual legume breedingTo reduce cultivar development timeTo determine genetic diversity for important traitsIs their sufficient variation for plant breeding?Can we identify the genes involved?To develop molecular markers for important traitsFor more efficient breeding and selectionSpeciesDetermined at an industry workshop in 2013A high emphasis on subterranean cloverUtilised the ‘core collection’ of 97 highly diverse lines and 28 cultivarsSome work on annual medics and other legumesOutputs and beneficiariesGenetic information and molecular markers for public and private breeding programs – immediate usersGraziers will benefit from more productive and persistent cultivars with genes for new traits
4. Developed a sub clover genomic platformPublished the sub clover genome sequence cv. Daliak is the reference genomeAllows identification of the genetic basis of agronomically important traits in sub cloverCharacterised 125 core collection lines and cultivars at the DNA levelDeveloped high density SNP mapsCan now associate genetic differences for traits with differences in DNA markersComparison of DNA sequences to the reference genomeOutcome will be DNA markers for traits of interestEnables simultaneous genomic selection for many genesEspecially important for traits difficult to measureCan also relate trait and DNA information to site collection data Understanding of traits and genes important for adaptation to different environmentsKey message: This technology allows more efficient and precise selection of sub clovers containing genes for new traits - leading to more productive and persistent sub clovers
5. Phenotyped sub clover core collection & cvsSeedling growth traits
6. Annual medics and other legumesAdapted a boron tolerance molecular marker in barrel medic for use in burr & stand medics This will lead to more efficient breeding of annual medics for B toleranceDiversity found for seedling growth, independent of seed size, in barrel and strand medics Diversity found for seedling resistance to RLEM among 156 annual medics in 14 speciesKey message: New genes and new traits have been found that can be exploited for breeding more productive and persistent medicsHardseededness and timing of seed softening in 38 annual legumes are being examined in Perth, Adelaide and CanberraThis will provide a better understanding of diversity within species and the effects of environment on hard seed traitsBoron susceptibility
7. Increased generation turnover ratesDeveloped a rapid generation protocol for sub cloverGrow 3-5 generations per year (1 per year currently)Reduce time to flower - vernalise and subject to 18 hours photoperiodHarvest immature burrs from first flowers and culture embryos on agarTransplant to pots and repeatExtended protocol to annual medics and serradellasKey message: Improved cultivars can reach the paddock at least 3 years sooner
8. Unanswered questions
9. Profit chart (for 2025+)New annual legumes bred with new tools and technologies:10% less P use x 50 mill ha x 10% adoption = 5 mill ha 10% lower P costs/yearNew annual legumes bred with new tools and technologies:10% more total dm x 50 mill ha x 10% adoption = 5 mill ha20% more autumn-winter kg/ha dm/year10% more total kg/ha dm/year$15/ha liveweight gain/yearAdditional $75 mill on-farm value by 2025+10% less methane emission/yearNew annual legumes bred with new tools and technologies:10% less methane emissionx 50 mill ha x 10% adoption = 5 mill ha