Renal and hepato -protective - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Renal and hepato-protective effects of Irvingia gabonensis juice on sodium fluoride-induced toxicity in Wistar rats

Emejulu

, A. A.,

Alisi

, C. S.,

Asiwe

, E. S.,

Igwe

, C. U.,

Nwogu

, L. A. and

Onwuliri

, V. A

.

Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526,

Owerri

, Imo State, Nigeria.

Slide2

IntroductionIrvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lecomte ex O’Rorke) is a widely farmed perennial fruit tree.

E

njoyed

both for its succulent pulp and its malleable kernels which are

locally used in Nigeria

as a substitute for making popular “draw soups”.

It has

been shown to possess nutritional

and

medicinal values (

Duguma

et al

., 1990;

Ngondi

et al

.,

2005;

Quideau

et al., 2011

).

Slide3

Introduction Cont’dIrvingia gabonensis is commonly known as “Wild mango”, “bush mango” or ‘African mango’.In Nigeria, it is known as ‘Ugiri’ (Igbo) and ‘Dika’ in Cameroon.E

specially

valued for their fat- and protein-rich nuts called

ogbono

or

dika

nuts

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Irvingia gabonensis fruits

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Aim of the studyLots of studies on the seeds and nuts of Irvingia (Ndoye et al., 1997,Silou et al.,2004, Womeni et al.,2006 etc.).

Sodium

Flouride

Toxicity Studies (

Dabrowska

et al., 2006; Zhan et al.,2006; Al

Omireeni

at al.,2010; and

Anamika

et al.,2012).

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Aim Cont’dWe had observed a hypolipidemic effect of the fruit juice of I. gabonensis on sodium fluoride induced dyslipidemia in rats (Emejulu et al.,2014).With

increasing

consumption

of fluorides worldwide and particularly in our locality, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of

Irvingia

gabonensis

juice on the liver and kidney of male

Wistar

rats exposed to sodium fluoride toxicity.

Slide7

Experimental DesignTwenty four healthy, male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six (6) animals each and treated as follows:Group I - normal control (NC) - received standard pelletized diet and water ad libitum

.

Group II

-

intoxicated control (

NaFC

)

-

received standard diet and water

ad

libitum

and

NaF

toxicant (

20mg/kg

b.wt

) by

gavage

daily( Das(

Sarkar

) et al.,2006).

Slide8

Group III - intoxicated Test (I.G) - received standard diet and I. gabonensis fruit juice (IG) ad libitum (supplemented with water), in addition to NaF toxicant (20mg/kg b.wt) daily.Group IV - intoxicated Standard (Q +

Vit

E) - received standard diet and water

ad

libitum

, in addition to

Quercetin

(15mg/kg

b.wt

) + α-

tocopherol

(100mg/kg

b.wt

) and toxicant

NaF (20mg/kg b.wt) daily.

Experimental Design cont’d

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Sample Collection and AnalysisAt the end of 35 days of intoxication and treatment, blood was collected by cardiac puncture and analyzed using standard methods for: ALT, AST, Bilirubin, Protein, Albumin, Total cholesterol, Urea, Creatinine, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Calcium and magnesium.Commercial test kits sourced from Biosystem, Randox, UK and

Teco

, USA were used.

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ResultsPhytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenolics, alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, phenols, phlobatanin, tannins and saponins in I. gabonensis fruit juice.

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Figure 1: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on ALT activity (IU/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations. a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 2: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on AST activity (IU/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 3: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Total bilirubin concentration (g/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 4: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Total Protein concentration (g/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 5: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Albumin concentration (g/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 6: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Total cholesterol concentration (mg/dl) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 7: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Urea concentration (mg/dl) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 8: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Creatinine concentration (mg/dl) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 9: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Potassium concentration (mmol/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 10: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Sodium concentration (mmol/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 11: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Chloride concentration (mmol/L) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

Slide22

Figure 12: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Calcium concentration (mg/dl) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

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Figure 13: Effect of I. gabonensis (IG) juice administration on Magnesium concentration (mg/dl) of male Wister albino rat administered 20mg/kg b.wt NaF for 35 days.Values are mean ± standard deviation of 6 determinations.

a

Significantly (p<0.05) different from Normal control (NC);

b

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from sodium fluoride

(

NaF

) control;

c

Significantly (p<0.05)

different from

I.

gabonensis

(

IG) juice.

Slide24

ConclusionNaF toxicity caused significant (p<0.05) increases in the markers of renal and hepatocellular damage, which were reduced by treatment with both I. gabonensis and the reference standard indicating potential protective effects of the fruit juice.The observed protective medicinal potential of the fruit juice may be attributed to the presence of beneficial secondary plant metabolites.

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