What are we talking about today What are students reporting Teen Brain Harms of commonly used substances Where can you get support and information Trends Changes in Drug Use The Good News ID: 934795
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Slide1
Slide2Be in the Know:Substance Use
Slide3What are we talking about today?What are students reporting?Teen BrainHarms of commonly used substances
Where can you get support and information?
Slide4Slide5Trends: Changes in Drug Use
The Good News:In 2017 44% of students in grades 7-12 (an estimated 332,000 in Ontario) report using no drug at all during the past
year
Downward trends 1999
to 2017:
-alcohol (from 66.0% to 42.5%)
-binge drinking (from 27.6% to 16.9%)
-tobacco cigarettes (from 28.4% to 7.0%)
-cannabis (from 28.0% to 19.0%)
Slide6Busting Stigma/AssumptionsWhat is the average age at which someone uses drugs for the first time?
What’s the most common drug used by youth?
Slide7Teen Brain
The brain undergoes a considerable amount of development during the teen years, and does not fully mature until around the age of 25.
Slide8Unfortunately, developing brains are generally more prone to damage. This means that experimentation with drugs and alcohol can have lasting, harmful effects on teen brains.
Slide9Mental HealthSome mental illnesses have been seen to increase the incidence of substance use.
Substance use has been seen to increase the risk of experiencing mental health problems.
Slide10Why youth may use?
10
“ It helps me forget about my problems”
“It helps me
enjoy a party”
“I’m curious”
“So I won’t feel left out”
“ I use it out of boredom”
“It helps me relax”
“Because
I’m not supposed
to”
“I can’t
stop”
Slide11#1 drug used by youthYouth drink differently than adultsN
ormalized in media/societyPerception of risk by youth and parentsAlcohol
Slide12Immediate Health RisksViolence
Risky sexual behaviors Alcohol poisoning
Unintentional injuries
FASD
Slide13Long Term Health RisksCardiovascular Problems
Mental HealthSocial Problems Neurological Problems
Liver
Disease/Gastrointestinal Problems
Cancer
Slide14What is a Standard Drink?
Many people do not know how much alcohol they are
actually consuming
in a drink
Underestimating one’s consumption of alcohol can lead to binge drinking and related harms
Slide15Slide16Play Matters
Drinking games result in a large amount of alcohol being consumed in a short amount of time
Examples include: Century Club, Beer Pong, Kings, Chug-A-Lug, Flip Cup
Get caught up in the “game” and lose track of how much has been consumed
Slide17Alcohol PoisoningOccurs when drinking large quantities of alcohol within a short period of timeBinge drinking (≥5 drinks/drinking occasion)
Depresses nerves that control involuntary actions such as breathing and the gag reflex Funneling, Chugging, Drinking Games
Slide18Symptoms Passing out, semi consciousCold, pale, bluish skinVomiting while sleepingSlow breathingSeizures
Incontinent of urine
Slide19Action Recovery position Call 911Stay with the person until help
arrivesNEVER leave the person to sleep it off
Slide20Recovery Position
Slide21Tobacco
Tobacco is a plant - also known as
Nicotiana
tabacum
Naturally contains over 2,500 chemicals - one of them being nicotine
When the tobacco plant is ripe, leaves are harvested, dried, fermented and aged
Processed leaves are now ready to be used in tobacco products
Slide22Sacred Tobacco
Commercial Tobacco
Naturally grown
Gift from the creator
Used in ceremony,
prayer and rituals for thousands
of years.
Can have spiritual, cultural and medicinal purposes
Manufactured by the
tobacco industry (AKA “Big Tobacco”)
Made with harmful chemical additives
U
sed for recreation
Sold for-profit - only benefits
tobacco companies
Slide23Tobacco ProductsSmoked tobacco products
CigaretteCigar, Cigarillo and little cigarsPipeWaterpipe / HookahSmokeless tobacco productsChew
Snus
Snuff
Heated tobacco products
Slide24Smokeless ≠ Harmless
Chewing tobacco may not produce smoke but it doesn’t mean it’s harmless:Contains over 3000 chemicals, 28 are known to cause cancer
Higher levels of nicotine than cigarettes
Use can lead to:
Heart problems
Stomach problems
Tooth and gum problems
White patches or sores in the mouth
Addiction to nicotine
Slide25Second-Hand Smoke
Contains over 7000 chemicals, 69 are known to cause cancerThere is no safe level
of second-hand smoke; everyone is at risk even if you don’t smoke
Unborn babies
Infants and children
Adults
Pets
Slide26Hookah
≠ Safer
Water
does not
filter out toxins
Has the
same health effects
as cigarettes
It can be addictive
Produces second-hand smoke with the
same toxins
as cigarettes:
BUT
higher
carbon monoxide levels
Inhale
100-200 X’s more smoke
than
1 cigarette
in a 1hour hookah session
Slide27Hookah’s can = disease
Sharing a hookah with others (even friends / family) can spread the following disease(s):
Hepatitis
Flu
Meningitis
TB
All of the above
Slide28Nicotine and the Brain
Nicotine during “construction” can: risk for mood disorders later on risks for addiction and further substance useHarm the part of the brain that helps to focus and learn
Sensitive to the rewarding effects of nicotine
The brain is still “under construction” until ~ age 25
Slide29… Big Tobacco targets YOU
Potential new users (AKA YOU) are targeted / “recruited” by:
Packaging
Flavours
Advertising and promotional activities
Slide30E-Cigarettes/Vape
“Vaping” is the act of using an e-cigarette:
An
individual sucks on the mouthpiece activating the heating element.
The liquid in the cartridge heats up, turning it into a
vapour
to be inhaled.
Vapour
is only released when the e-cigarette is sucked on.
Slide31Fact or MythVapour products should be used because they have been around for awhile and are less harmful than regular cigarettes.
Fact
Myth
Slide32While e-cigarettes may be safer than regular cigarettes,
less harmful doesn’t mean safe.
Fact or MythFlavours used in vapour products are harmless and are only used to make it more enjoyable to vape.
Fact
Myth
Slide34Flavouring in vapour products“Popcorn Lung” (Bronchiolitis obliterans):
A serious irreversible disease that results in thickening and narrowing of smallest airways of the lungs.Symptoms include a dry cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and feeling tired
Caused
by
flavouring
agent called
diacetyl
Flavours
added to
vapour
products
may not be safe for breathing into your lungs.
Slide35Is vaping legal?
Yes
NO
Slide36Tobacco & Vaping Products Act Health Canada’s “
Tobacco and Vaping Products Act (TPVA)”, makes it legal for a vapour product to contain nicotine unless it makes a health claim.
In the future this act will protect youth from nicotine addiction and include:
Rules related to manufacturing standards and product
and packaging labelling
Restrictions on the promotion of vaping products
Restrictions
on the sale of
vapour
products
that may appeal to
youth
Banning
the use of certain ingredients
Slide37Smoke-Free Ontario Act, 2017
Cannot sell or supply vapour products to anyone under 19 years of age (includes e-liquid)
Cannot use
an e-cigarette to vape any
substance anywhere that you
cannot
smoke tobacco, such as:
On hospital and
other health care facilities
grounds
In child
care
facilities / daycares
Enclosed workplaces and workplace vehicles
Enclosed public places
Common
areas
in
condos, apartment buildings or university / college residences
Reserved
outdoor seating venues
In a vehicle with anyone > 16 years of age
Slide38Cannot use an e-cigarette to vape any substance anywhere that you cannot smoke tobacco, such as:On school property and public areas within 20m of the perimeter of the
groundsPublic areas within 20m of the perimeter of the grounds of a Community recreational facilitiesOn
restaurant and bar patios and public areas within 9m
of
the restaurant or bar
patio
On
and within 20 metres of children’s playgrounds, sports fields and spectator
areas etc.
Smoke-Free Ontario Act, 2017
Slide39Fact or MythVaping leads to increased chance of starting to smoke cigarettes
Fact
Myth
Slide40Strong evidence that e-cigarettes are associated with initiation of cigarette smoking among youth. 31.5% of students who had smoked cigarettes also smoked e-cigarettes
The Concerning Trend
Slide41CannabisCannabis comes from the cannabis plant
Usually green/brown/grey colouredTHC is the main ingredient that causes the “high”
Slide42The Rise of THC
1969 until the late 1970’s
c
annabis contained roughly 1% THC
2017: cannabis contains
15-20
%
THC
Slide43Concerns with CannabisCannabis smoke has cancer-causing toxins that can cause damage to the lungs
Cannabis use can cause decreased IQ, concentration, and poor memory
Users are 2x more likely to have a car crash while driving impaired
Slide44Youth are at the greatest risk of the negative health effects of cannabis because the brain continues to develop until age 25
1 in 6 people who use cannabis during their teens will develop a cannabis use disorder
Teens who use cannabis are at an increased risk for depression, anxiety disorders and psychosis
Slide45Have you thought about…Cannabis use can causeLower grades and exam scores
Relationship problemsFinancial difficultiesSperm abnormalities
Slide46Harm-ReductionPolicies, programs and interventions that reduce negative health and social consequences of substance misuse without quitting the substance completely.
Slide47Lower-Risk Cannabis Use Guidelines
Slide48Medicinal CannabisEffective for:For the treatment for chronic pain in adults (cannabis)
Antiemetics in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (oral cannabinoids) For improving patient-reported multiple sclerosis spasticity symptoms (oral cannabinoids)
Slide49Slide50True or false: it is considered illegal to possess OPIOID pain medication unless you are a patient with a prescription from a licensed health care professional.True
False
Slide51What are possible long term effects of taking opioids?Constipation
Decreased sex driveMenstrual irregularitiesMood swings
All of the above
Slide52What is a risk of taking an opioid that increases even more when taken with other depressant drugs like alcohol?Heart attack
Breathing can stopSeizureStrokeMuscle spasms
Slide53True or false: people can develop a tolerance to opioids fairly quickly with regular use?
True False
Slide54Overdose Medical
Emergency
Slide55Slide56Naloxone
Recognizing the signs of an overdose, calling 911 and having a naloxone kit can save a life
Get a take-home naloxone kit for
free
from participating pharmacies or the Health Unit
Slide57Recovery Position
Slide58Harm ReductionDon’t use alone
Don’t mix drugs with other drugs or alcoholCarry NaloxoneKnow your tolerance
Slide59Community Supports for Substance UseYour health care provider
School social workerSchool nurseThames Valley Addiction Services Canadian Mental Health AssociationCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthConnex OntarioAl-Anon Family Group
Slide60Web ResourcesThe Middlesex London Health UnitDrug Free Kids Canada
Canadian Centre on Substance AbuseSmokers HelplineGovernment of CanadaCentre for Addiction and Mental HealthWorld Health OrganizationThe Surgeon GeneralThink about It