First mistake Continental System Napoleon sets up a blockade to prevent all trade between Europe and Great Britain Self sufficiency Led to smuggling cargo Britain then stops all ships coming to countries controlled by Napoleon ID: 532009
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Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Slide2
First mistake: Continental System
Napoleon sets up a blockade to prevent all trade between Europe and Great BritainSelf sufficiency Led to smuggling cargo Britain then stops all ships coming to countries controlled by NapoleonIndia, African colonies, United States, CanadaEnds up hurting Napoleon more than BritainAlso causes the War of 1812 between the US and Britain
Napoleonic mistakesSlide3
Second mistake: Peninsular War
Invades Portugal and SpainNapoleon makes his own brother King of SpainSpanish resist, start guerrilla warfarePeasant fighters, hid in the hills, not an organized army – but VERY effectiveEnded up costing Napoleon 300,000 menStarts to inspire others across Europe to rebelNapoleonic mistakesSlide4
Russia was Napoleon
’s ally, but they continued trade with BritainNapoleon decides to invade in June 1812Sends 420,000 troops into RussiaCzar Alexander of Russia retreats, burning everything he can (grain fields, livestock)Scorched earth policy – why did they do this?Battle of Borodino – two armies finally fight a battle, Napoleon wins
March to Moscow – down to 100,000 soldiers
Biggest mistake of allSlide5
Napoleon marches into Moscow, only to find it totally ablaze
Alexander destroyed it rather than let the French “win” itIn October Napoleon decides to take his troops back to FranceThey get caught in the winter, most freeze to death or die from enemy attacksOnly 10,000 make it back aliveRussiaSlide6
Now Britain has Russia, Prussia and Sweden allied against him
Austria now declares war on FranceNapoleon raises a new armyOctober 1813 defeated at Leipzig (Germany)January 1814 – allies invade FranceMarch 1814 – King Frederick William of Prussia and Czar Alexander lead troops in a parade through ParisNapoleon’s downfallSlide7
Napoleon surrenders in April 1814, goes into exile on island of Elba off coast of Italy
Louis XVI’s brother Louis XVIII becomes king, monarchy restoredStarted to undo most of the reforms of the revolutionBecomes very unpopularExileSlide8
Napoleon returns from exile
Marches from Elba through Italy and over the Alps into FranceCrowds cheer him, Louis’s army deserts him and join NapoleonNapoleon is emperor once againEuropeans quickly get their armies back togetherThe Hundred DaysSlide9
British led by the Duke of Wellington masses troops near Waterloo (in Belgium)
Napoleon attacks, but British defend their groundPrussian troops arrive to help BritishTwo days later, French troops start to collapseNapoleon surrendersBritish send him to St. Helena, an island in the South Atlantic and the middle of nowhereHe dies there in 1821WaterlooSlide10
“
He was as great a man can be without virtue”Opened the door for the victorious European powers to establish a new order in EuropeResult of WaterlooSlide11Slide12Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16