PPT-Lecture 8 Mechanisms of Evolution: Genetic Variation - Horizontal Gene Transfer

October 1 2019 Jeremy Glasner PhD Science 1997 Variation among genomes arises as they diverge from a common ancestor Point mutations introduce small changes in one or the other lineages SNPs small insertions and deletions. Shaping evolutionary theory. Slide 1. slide 2. What is an allele again? . It’s an alternative form that a single gene may have for a particular trait. .. Pictured are two homologous chromosomes. Each chromosome has the same type of gene at the same spot. Different versions of this gene are called alleles. These two genes make up this organisms genotype for the trait of flower color.. Basic Forces (what is needed for an evolvable system). Evolution – Basic Forces. Self-replication - reproduction. Heritability - a system by which characteristics can be passed from one generation to the next (here on Earth, DNA is that system). . Extension Professor and. Provost’s Distinguished Service Professor. University of Kentucky. GMO . Crops: . Basic Concepts, Risks and Benefits. Part I. . GMO Crops: Basic Concepts . Word processing: a metaphor for how genetic engineering works. The Process of Speciation . How Common Is Genetic Variation?. Many genes have at least two forms alleles.. All organisms have genetic variation that is “invisible” because it involves small differences in biochemical processes.. The Smallest Unit of Evolution. A common misconception is that organisms evolve during their lifetimes. Natural selection acts on individuals, but only populations evolve. Consider, for example, a population of medium ground finches on Daphne Major Island. Unit:09. Lesson: 01. Be prepared to share your response to the following:. Biological evolution happens at the __________ level, not the individual organism level.. All three definitions mention genetic changes or changes in allele frequency within a population from one generation to the next.. -- biological evolution: the process whereby earth’s life changes over time through changes in the genetic characteristics of populations . -- theory of evolution: all species descended from earlier, ancestral species . Answer in writing: . what is DNA? Where is yours? . A . very long macromolecules that contains your genetic material. It’s found in the nucleus of each one of your cells.. A segment of DNA which codes for a protein, which determines a trait.. Biotechnology Unit. 1. How does a bacterium fight off antibiotics?. The three main ways are:. Membrane proteins called efflux pumps literally pump the antibiotics out of the cell.. The prokaryote can produce an enzyme that will degrade the antibiotic.. Sexual and asexual reproduction. Reproduction. advantages/disadvantages. Sexual. Asexual. Needs two parents.. Only one parent needed (quicker).. Produces variation in the offspring.. Identical offspring (no variation).. …. . 4 exams. 1. st. : Chapters 20, 21, 25, 26, . 5. 8. 2. nd. : Chapters 27. , . 28, 29, 33, 37. 3. rd. : Chapters 30, 31, 32, 39. Final: Chapters 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50. Grading system. 100-90…..A. Vertical. Transfer of genetic information including genetic mutation from one generation to the next . Genetic inheritance. Information carried by DNA. Helps in preserving advantageous genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of bacteria in subsequent generations. . Fossils provide a record of evolution. . Paleontology is the study of fossils or extinct organisms.. Paleontology provides evidence to support evolution.. Molecular and genetic evidence support fossil and anatomical evidence. . techniques . Content. Introduction. Importance of Gene transfer. Types of gene transfer techniques. Method. Application. Introduction. Gene transfer is to transfer a gene from one DNA molecule to another DNA molecule..