PPT-Epigenetics: Exposures, Genes & Generations

Linda S Birnbaum PhD DABT ATS Director National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences National Toxicology Program 30 October 2013 The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Kevin Ferriter. Mariah Minder. From Yesterday…. Do you think your brain cell and your blood cell have the same DNA sequence?. Genetics. Every cell contains all of your DNA. Not every cell expresses all of your DNA. the process by which a trait/gene changes function; the gene has been . co-opted to do a new job. Gene Co-option. Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics. Epigenetics turns on/off genes. http://cnx.org/content/m26565/latest/graphics35.jpg. :. Genomic imprinting. Genomic Imprinting. Preferential expression (or repression) of one parental allele. Epigenetic modification mechanism (. CpG. methylation). paternal. maternal. imprinted gene. Same DNA, Different Cells. DNA contains the instructions for building all parts of the body.. Every one of your cells has the same DNA code and it doesn’t change over your lifetime.. Then what makes a skin cell different from a muscle cell different from a nerve cell?. Nature and Nurture. . When both DNA(Nature) and life experience/exposure(nurture) contribute to a phenotype. TRAIT. NATURE. NURTURE. Skin color. Inherited genes for skin color. Sun can darken or redden skin or cause freckles to appear. Linda S. Birnbaum, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., A.T.S.. Director. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. National Toxicology Program. 30 October 2013. The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. of . lncRNAs. in. . Normal Development and Complex Diseases. . R. Michael Sheetz, PhD. . Center for Computational Sciences. . (Long) Non-Coding RNAs . . . Characteristics of . http://www.knowabouthealth.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/mcdonalds_.jpg. http://emilyscarenhealth.wordpress.com/2011/10/04/attention-a-must-read-for-smokers/. Can “. nuture. ” change “nature” ?. Your Destiny. Central Dogma . Flow of genetic information in cell. Genetics vs. Epigenetics. Humans . 250. different . cell types. .. contain exact same DNA & same order. Initially a . sigmoid cell . nuture. ; how our environment talks to us, sometimes forever.. Nessa. Carey, The Epigenetics Revolution (2012). The epigenetics revolution is underway.. Nessa. Carey, The Epigenetics Revolution (2012). One twin is large . at birth and has an. enlarged tongue and hypoglycemia. . The other twin appears normal.. . What could. be causing . these profound clinical differences between 2 infants who are. Epigenetics comprises (hereditary) changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence . Epigenetics is a biological subdiscipline that deals with questions of development, heredity, gene regulation and evolution . JABLONKA & LAMB: CHANGING CONCEPT OF EPIGENETICSment. We will then consider the practical importance of epigenetics in med-icine, agriculture, and ecology and, finally, look at the implications thatre ‘Epi’: On top of. . Definition:. The . study of changes in organisms caused by modification of gene expression rather than alteration of the genetic code itself.. DNA. How many cell types are in the human body?.