1 PPT13001 Bureau of Workers Compensation PA Training for Health amp Safety PATHS Seasonal Influenza Pandemic Flu HistoryPast Pandemics Treatment amp Prevention ID: 775035
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Pandemic Preparedness
Influenza: Protecting Your Employees
1
PPT-130-01
Bureau of Workers’ Compensation
PA Training for Health & Safety (PATHS)
Slide2Seasonal InfluenzaPandemic FluHistory/Past PandemicsTreatment & PreventionPreparation/Personal Planning
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Overview
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Seasonal Influenza
Illness caused by the influenza virusExtremely contagious and spreads quickly to others. Symptoms vary from person to person Occurs every year, usually in the fall and winter killing 36,000 people in U.S.
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Cause
The influenza virus, commonly known as the flu, is an infectious disease of birds and mammals caused by RNA viruses. Commonly confused with a cold, the flu is a much more severe disease and caused by a different virus.
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Infection
The flu virus binds onto sugars on the surfaces of epithelial cells such as nose, throat, and lungs of mammals and intestines of birds.
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Symptoms & Diagnosis of Seasonal Flu
Chills
Body aches, especially throat and joints
Coughing and sneezing
Extreme fever
Fatigue, headache, and nasal congestion
Though similar symptoms occur with a cold, they are much more severe with the flu!
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Flu Virus
Incubation
Symptomatic (Sick)
Recovering
Work, etc.
Work/Home/Hospital
Back to work, etc
Day 0
Day 11
Day 4
Day 15
DANGER OF INFECTION
Day 2
Infectious (Shedding Virus)
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Flu Prevention
Get the flu vaccine each year due to high mutation rate of the virus.Practice good hygiene and personal health habits.Cover your mouth when sneezing and wash your hands regularly as the virus spreads through aerosols.Stay at home when sick.
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Flu Treatment
Bed restHydration-with eight ounces of fluid every hourAcetaminophen, ibuprofen, naproxenAvoid aspirin when dealing with childrenSince the flu is a virus, antibiotics won’t work unless there is a secondary bacterial infection.
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Medical Treatment
Persistent feverProductive coughIncreasing difficulty breathingImprovement, followed by relapse
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What is Pandemic Flu?
Epidemic: serious outbreak in a single community, population or regionPandemic: an epidemic spreading around the world affecting hundreds of thousands of people, across many countriesPandemic flu: a pandemic that results from an influenza virus strain that humans have not been previously exposed to
Slide12• A disease outbreak that spreads rapidly and affects many people world wide• Characteristics - New virus that spreads easily as most people are susceptible (no natural resistance or immunity) - Effective human to human transmission is necessary - Measured by how fast the virus spreads - Wide geographic spread• Not predictable• Outbreaks lasting 8-12 weeks with 1-3 week wave cycles
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Pandemic Influenza
Slide13• Pandemics occur in multiple waves of disease outbreaks• The first wave in a local area is likely to last six to eight weeks• The time between pandemic waves varies and can not be easily predicted.• Anticipate 1-3 waves
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Pandemic Waves
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History
Name of pandemic Date DeathsAsiatic Flu1889-18901 millionSpanish Flu1918-192040 -100 millionAsian Flu1957-19581 - 1.5 millionHong Kong Flu1968-19690.75 - 1 million
Information taken from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/influenza
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Past Pandemics
Occurs unpredictably, not always in winter
Variations in:
Case fatality rates (number of people diagnosed with a disease that die from that disease)
Severity of illness
Pattern of illness (ages most severely affected)
Rapid surge in number of cases over brief period of time
Tend to occur in waves - May only be one wave
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Today vs 1918
TodayModern travelMany areas more densely populatedPopulation exceeds 6 billion1918World War I (civilian and military overcrowding)Public information withheldPopulation approximately 1.8 billion
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Perspective
2001 terrorist attack with anthrax - killed five people2002 outbreak of West Nile Virus - killed 284 people nationally in six months2003 SARS outbreak - killed over 800 people world wide - froze Asian economies - frightened millions of people into wearing masks on the streets
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Becoming a Pandemic
For pandemic influenza to occur, three conditions must be met:
A new virus which humans are not immune
emerges
The virus causes severe human illness or
death in humans
The virus spreads easily from person to person worldwide
H5N1 has two of the three today.
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H5N1 Status
Interpandemic
Larger clusters, localized
Limited spread among humans
Pandemic
Pandemic alert
Phase
1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Phase 5
Phase 6
New virus in humans
Little/no spread among humans
Small clusters, localized
Limited spread among humans
Increased and sustained spread in general human population
No new virus in humans
Animal viruses low risk to humans
No new virus in humansAnimal viruses low risk to humans
Current H5N1 status
Slide20• Crisis for extended period of time in multiple locations• Daily routines will be affected from personal, community, and professional changes - Isolation/quarantine guidelines or requirements? - Cancellation of public events and schools? - Non-essential work activities limited? - Commerce Patterns changed?
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Expectations of Pandemics
Slide21• Elements of personal action will be required• Absenteeism from pandemic flu expected to be 40-60%• Lost availability for those who are ill (or caring for ill family) is projected at 2-4 weeks
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Expectations of Pandemics
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Pandemic Possibility
World Health Organization assures us that there will be another influenza pandemic.Unknown when it will occur/how severe the next pandemic will beUnknown what the organism will be
Slide23• A vaccine to protect people from pandemic flu is not available now.• A vaccine may not be available at the start of a flu pandemic (~ 6-8 months after start).• The best protection is to practice healthy hygiene to stay well now and during a flu pandemic.
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Vaccination?
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Medications During Pandemic Flu
Antiviral MedicationsCan prevent complications if taken within first 48 hours of illnessMay not be effective against a pandemic flu virusExtremely limited supply nowWould be prioritized Initial use probably only for treatment, not prophylaxis
Antiviral Medications
Amatadine
(
Symmetrel
)
Rimantadine
(
Flumadine
)
Zanamivir (Relenza)
Oseltamivir
(Tamiflu)
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Pandemic Disruptions
Significant disruption of infrastructureTransportationSchoolsBusinessesMedical care UtilitiesPolice and fire protectionCommunicationsLimited to no assistance from State and Federal Governments due to nation-wide impact
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Infection Control
Hand HygieneWash hands regularly with soap & waterIf no water available: 60%-95% alcohol-based sanitizer Cover your cough strategyEnvironmental cleaning1:10 bleach solutionEPA registered disinfectantGloves & surgical masks
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Personal Planning
Stockpiling up to 30 days of water, food, supplies, medicinesSocial distancingPractice all the same behaviors to prevent seasonal fluStay at Home Toolkits
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Preparedness
P
repare yourself – disaster training & volunteerism.
R
emember to get enough sleep.
E
xercise regularly.
P
revent the spread of infection – wash hands regularly, cough/sneeze into tissue, keep your hands away from your nose/mouth.
P
ut out cigarettes.
A
nnual flu shots.
N
utritious eating.
F
amily plan and kit.
L
ook for information about pandemic flu.
U
tensils, food and beverages should not be shared.
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Health & Safety Training Specialists
1171 South Cameron Street, Room 324Harrisburg, PA 17104-2501(717) 772-1635RA-LI-BWC-PATHS@pa.gov
Like us on Facebook! - https://www.facebook.com/BWCPATHS
Contact Information
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Questions
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Bibliography
Influenza (flu), Mayo Clinic
www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/basics/definitions
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/influenza