Principles of Architecture PowerPoint Presentation, PPT - DocSlides

Principles of Architecture

Mrs. Araujo-Flores

Objectives

You will understand that architectural design is composed of elements.You will know the definitions of these elements.You will be able to identify structures that illustrate these elements.

Elements of Architecture:The Basics of Beautiful Design

What elements and principles of architecture do architects include in the design of structures?

The Basics of Architecture

Structure Anything that is built or constructed and has a plan.

Seagram Bldg NYC

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Post and LintelMethod of construction in which vertical posts support horizontal lintel, beam.

Stonehenge

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

ColumnsVertical, round pillar that supports an arch or entablature

Parthenon

Three types of Greek Columns

Doric

-simple capital

Ionic

-scrolled capital

Corinthian

-fancy capital

Doric Ionic Corinthian

Corinthian Column Capital

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Colonnade Line of arches or columns bearing a horizontal entablature.

St. Peter’s Square

Parthenon

Entablature

The parts of an order between the column capital and the roof or pediment.It is divided into three parts: architrave, frieze, and cornice.

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Arch Vaulted wall opening that can span large spaces.

Coliseum

Pont du Gard

St. Paul’s Cathedral

Types of Arches

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Domea large hemispherical roof or ceilingarches are jointed at the top and legs form a circlecreates more expansive space inside a structurebase can be circular or angled

Hagia Sophia – square base

Dome of the RockCircular Base

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Spire a tapering roof or pyramidal construction surmounting a tower

Salisbury Cathedral - England

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Cantilever Horizontally projecting beam or part of a structure supported only at one end.

Falling Water

Cantilever

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

ButtressA projecting structure for support to give stability to a load-bearing wall. Counteracts lateral thrust.

The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures

Flying ButtressArch commonly seen on the exterior of Gothic cathedralsUsed to support high stone walls by transmitting force to an exterior support. Counteracts lateral thrust.

Notre Dame – Paris France

Buttress Flying Buttress

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Media or Materials-what the structure is made from

Function-purpose for which the building was originally designedThe function of a building may change over time but the original purpose still dominates the design.

Context

PhysicalThe area on which the building is constructed. When considering the context of a building, you must also look at the environment.

Japanese School

Physical ContextConstruction of the tower occurred in three stages across 344 yearsThe tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.

Leaning Tower of Pisa

Context

Historical/CulturalThe time, place, and culture that influenced the creation of the building.

Todaji Buddhist Temple Nara, Japan All wood construction

The Elements of Architecture

LineWhere two parts come together

Great Pyramid

The Elements of Architecture

Color

Colors used on the interior or exterior of the building.

Dome of the Rock

The Elements of Architecture

Shape/FormThe outline of the building if viewed from the air AND from the ground.

St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial view

Shape/Form

The Elements of Architecture

TextureHow the building feels or looks Can be the interior or exterior

Guggenheim

The Principles of Architecture

SpaceThe area in and around a building

Louvre

The Principles of Architecture

Balance Distribution of weight

Eiffel Towel

The Principles of Architecture

Rhythm/Repetition/PatternRepeated use of an element

Raphael’s Loggia

The Principles of Architecture

EmphasisCalling attention to one partThis is achieved by using the elements and principles of architecture

Dome of the Rock

The Principles of Architecture

Variety/Contrastthe use of differing elements

Villa rotunda

The Principles of Architecture

Proportioncomparison of size of parts and size of the whole

The Principles of Architecture

ScaleScale-sized compared to people

Pantheon - Rome

The Principles of Architecture

UnityUse of similar elements to tie the work together

Leaning Tower of Pisa