Mrs AraujoFlores Objectives You will understand that architectural design is composed of elements You will know the definitions of these elements You will be able to identify structures that illustrate these elements ID: 180402
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Principles of Architecture
Mrs. Araujo-FloresSlide2
Objectives
You will understand that architectural design is composed of elements.You will know the definitions of these elements.You will be able to identify structures that illustrate these elements.Slide3
Elements of Architecture:
The Basics of Beautiful DesignWhat elements and principles of architecture do architects include in the design of structures? Slide4
The Basics of Architecture
Structure Anything that is built or constructed and has a plan.Seagram Bldg NYCSlide5
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Post and LintelMethod of construction in which vertical posts support horizontal lintel, beam. StonehengeSlide6
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
ColumnsVertical, round pillar that supports an arch or entablature
ParthenonSlide7
Three types of Greek Columns
Doric-simple capitalIonic-scrolled capital
Corinthian
-fancy capitalSlide8
Doric Ionic CorinthianSlide9
Corinthian Column CapitalSlide10
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Colonnade Line of arches or columns bearing a horizontal entablature.
St. Peter’s Square
ParthenonSlide11
Entablature
The parts of an order between the column capital and the roof or pediment.It is divided into three parts: architrave, frieze, and cornice.Slide12
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Arch Vaulted wall opening that can span large spaces.
Coliseum Slide13
Pont du GardSlide14
St. Paul’s CathedralSlide15
Types of Arches Slide16
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Domea large hemispherical roof or ceilingarches are jointed at the top and legs form a circlecreates more expansive space inside a structurebase can be circular or angled
Hagia Sophia – square baseSlide17
Dome of the RockCircular BaseSlide18
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Spire a tapering roof or pyramidal construction surmounting a tower
Salisbury Cathedral - EnglandSlide19
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Cantilever Horizontally projecting beam or part of a structure supported only at one end.
Falling WaterSlide20
CantileverSlide21
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
ButtressA projecting structure for support to give stability to a load-bearing wall. Counteracts lateral thrust. Slide22
The Basics of Architecture:Basic Structures
Flying ButtressArch commonly seen on the exterior of Gothic cathedralsUsed to support high stone walls by transmitting force to an exterior
support.
Counteracts lateral thrust.
Notre Dame – Paris FranceSlide23Slide24
Buttress Flying ButtressSlide25
1.Slide26
2.Slide27
3.Slide28
4.Slide29
5.Slide30
Media or Materials
-what the structure is made fromSlide31
Function-purpose for which the building was originally designed
The function of a building may change over time but the original purpose still dominates the design. Slide32
Context
PhysicalThe area on which the building is constructed. When considering the context of a building, you must also look at the environment.
Japanese SchoolSlide33
Physical ContextConstruction of the tower
occurred in three stages across 344 yearsThe tower's tilt began during construction, caused by an inadequate foundation on ground too soft on one side to properly support the structure's weight.
Leaning Tower of PisaSlide34
Context
Historical/CulturalThe time, place, and culture that influenced the creation of the building.Todaji Buddhist Temple
Nara, Japan
All wood constructionSlide35
The Elements of Architecture
LineWhere two parts come togetherGreat PyramidSlide36
The Elements of Architecture
Color
Colors
used on the interior or exterior of the building.
Dome of the RockSlide37
The Elements of Architecture
Shape/FormThe outline of the building if viewed from the air AND from the ground.St. Paul’s Cathedral - aerial viewSlide38
Shape/FormSlide39
The Elements of Architecture
TextureHow the building feels or looks Can be the interior or exteriorGuggenheimSlide40
The Principles of Architecture
SpaceThe area in and around a building
LouvreSlide41
The Principles of Architecture
Balance Distribution of weightEiffel TowelSlide42
The Principles of Architecture
Rhythm/Repetition/PatternRepeated use of an elementRaphael’s LoggiaSlide43
The Principles of Architecture
EmphasisCalling attention to one partThis is achieved by using the elements and principles of architecture
Dome of the RockSlide44
The Principles of Architecture
Variety/Contrastthe use of differing elements
Villa rotundaSlide45
The Principles of Architecture
Proportioncomparison of size of parts and size of the wholeSlide46
The Principles of Architecture
ScaleScale-sized compared to peoplePantheon - Rome Slide47
The Principles of Architecture
UnityUse of similar elements to tie the work togetherLeaning Tower of Pisa