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Presentation on theme: "The Classical Era (1750-1820)"— Presentation transcript:
Slide1
The Classical Era (1750-1820)
Year 10 IGCSE
October 2009
Slide2
The Age of Enlightenment
Believed in progress, rising middle class
American and French revolutions
Humanitarian Ideals/reason and knowledge
Liberty, Equality and fraternity!
Slide3
Musical Style
Polyphonic texture
to
simple melodies
Light and graceful music (style gallant)
Epitome of classical music 1770-1820Music printing and increase amateur performancesOpera and concerto grosso becomes symphonySuite became sonata
Slide4
Elements of Music Characteristics
Changes of mood
Can be sudden (unlike Baroque) but unified
Rhythm
Flexible (sudden or gradual)
TextureHomophonic – but can change, more vertical schemesMelodyTuneful and sometimes borrowedBalanced and symmetricalDynamicsRange and not just terraced dynamics, crescendos usedpiano instead of harpsichord (1775) – forte piano
Basso Continuo
Obsolete – more amateur friendly – rid improvising
Sonata = one or two instruments (most formal, developed by Haydn and Mozart)
CONTRASTING THEMES in one movement
BALANCE OF SECTIONS (tension resolved)
Slide10
Life in Classical Period
Composers affected – breaking free from control
Haydn
Mozart
Beethoven
More public concerts – spread through Europe
Middle class people started playing instruments
More demand for printed music
More comic, vulgar
Slide11
Sonata Allegro Form
Single movement form – usually the form of the 1
st
movement of symphony, quartet or sonata
3
sections:ABAExposition:
Development
Recapitulation
CODA
Listen to
Slide12
Mozart Symphony No. 40 in G Minor 4
th
Movement
Notes:
Slide13
Theme and Variations
Independent piece or as a movement of a symphony, sonata, or string quartet
BASIC IDEA repeated and changed
This idea can be borrowed or composed
BASIC STRUCTURE:
Listen to: Haydn’s Symphony No. 94 in G Major 2nd Movement
Slide14
Notes from Listening
Slide15
Minuet and Trio
Usually as the 3
rd
movement of symphonies and quartets
Triple meter and moderate
A(m)B(t)A(m) - trio quieter usuallySTRUCTURE:Listen to Mozart’s Eine kleine
Nactmusik
3
rd
Movement
Slide16
Haydn’s Symphony No. 94 in G Major 2
nd
Movement
Notes:
Slide17
Rondo
Independent or as a movement
Lively, regular and conclusive
Tuneful main theme (usually simple) that returns in alternation
STRUCTURE:
Sonata-Rondo STRUCTURE: ABA – Dev - ABA
Slide18
Classical Symphony
Origin from 17
th
century opera overtures
Extended – 20-45 minutes
Haydn wrote many of the early symphoniesUsually 4 movements with range of contrasts1. fast dramatic (usually sonata form)2. slow lyrical (sonata form, ABA, or T+V), diff key3. dancelike 4. fast heroic (sonata or sonata-rondo)
Slide19
Classical Concerto
3 movement work for instrumental soloist and orchestra
Fast (cadenza) (sonata form with 2 expositions)
Slow
Fast (cadenza improvisation) (rondo or sonata-rondo)
then CODA (short)
Interplay of melody lines and cadenzas
Mozart and Beethoven wrote many (star in each on piano)
20-45 minutes
Slide20
Classical Chamber Music
Imitate room setting
2-9 musicians – entertain guests
No conductor
STRING QUARTET – a fine art
Usually 2 violin, viola and cello
Usually 4 movements
Fast
Slow
Minuet
Fast
OR sonata (violin/piano), trio (piano, violin, cello), quintet
Slide21
Sacred Choral Music
Oratorios and masses were most elaborate in 18
th
century
MASS – Haydn wrote most exuberant masses
Classical sacred music mixes classical MELODY-HARMONY and POLYPHONIC IMITATIONOratorios – musical setting of sacred textComic OperaOpera Buffa – Comic Opera (ie La Serva Padrona by Pergolesi, Mozart`s Don Giovanni)
