PPT-Cache and Scratch Pad Memory (SPM)

Memory Wall The growing disparity of speed between CPU and memory outside the CPU chip Bandwidth wall limited communication bandwidth beyond chip boundaries Solution Memory hierarchy . Avg Access Time 2 Tokens Number of Controllers Average Access Time clock cyles brPage 16br Number of Tokens vs Avg Access Time 9 Controllers Number of Tokens Average Access Time clock cycles brPage 17br brPage 18br for 3D memory systems. CAMEO. 12/15/2014 MICRO. Cambridge, UK. Chiachen Chou, Georgia Tech. Aamer. . Jaleel. , Intel. Moinuddin. K. . Qureshi. , Georgia Tech. Executive Summary. How to use . S. tacked DRAM: Cache or Memory. Applications. Komal Kasat. Gaurav Chitroda. Nalini Kumar. Outline . Introduction. MPEG-4. Architecture. Simulation. Results . Conclusion. INTRODUCTION. Multimedia. Combination of graphics, video, audio. Mark Gebhart. 1,2 . Stephen W. Keckler. 1,2. Brucek Khailany. 2. Ronny Krashinsky. 2. . William J. Dally. 2,3. 1. The University of Texas at Austin . 2. NVIDIA . 3. Stanford University. Methodology. Why it works: The principle of locality. How it . works. : The architectural details. Von Neumann Architecture. Cost/performance analysis is a constant theme in computer engineering ‒ which is why the proper choice of performance metric is important. Storage technologies and trends. Locality of reference. Caching in the memory hierarchy. CS 105. Tour of the Black Holes of Computing. Random-Access Memory (RAM). Key features. RAM. is traditionally packaged as a chip.. Lecture for CPSC 5155. Edward Bosworth, Ph.D.. Computer Science Department. Columbus State University. The Simple View of Memory. The simplest view of memory is . that presented . at the ISA (Instruction Set Architecture) level. At this level, memory is a . With a superscalar, we might need to accommodate more than 1 per cycle. Typical server and . m. obile device. memory hierarchy. c. onfiguration with. b. asic sizes and. access times. PCs and laptops will. Direct-mapped caches. Set-associative caches. Impact of caches on performance. CS 105. Tour of the Black Holes of Computing. Cache Memories. C. ache memories . are small, fast SRAM-based memories managed automatically in hardware. 1 Memory & Cache Memories: Review 2 Memory is required for storing Data Instructions Different memory types Dynamic RAM Static RAM Read-only memory (ROM) Characteristics Access time Price Volatility Virtual Memory Use main memory as a “cache” for secondary (disk) storage Managed jointly by CPU hardware and the operating system (OS) Programs share main memory Each gets a private virtual address space holding its frequently used code and data sharedmemory architectures Adapted from a lecture by Ian Watson, University of Machester Overview We have talked about optimizing performance on single coresLocalityVectorizationNow let us look at opt The basic objective of a computer system is to increase the speed of computation. Likewise, the basic objective of a memory system is to provide fast, uninterrupted access by the processor to the memory such that, the processor can operate at its expected speed. . Hagersten. , . Landin. , and . Haridi. (1991). Presented by Patrick . Eibl. Outline. Basics of Cache-Only Memory Architectures. The Data Diffusion Machine (DDM). DDM Coherence Protocol. Examples of Replacement, Reading, Writing.