Dominant brain and dumb brain SPLITBRAIN RESEARCH Splitbrain surgery when the corpus callosum is cut to reduce severity of epileptic seizures Has shown that right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versa ID: 709674
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Slide1
CEREBRAL LATERALITY: RIGHT BRAIN/LEFT BRAIN
Dominant brain and dumb brainSlide2
SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH
Split-brain surgery
: when the corpus callosum is cut to reduce severity of epileptic seizures
Has shown that right hemisphere controls the left side of the body and vice versaSlide3
SPLIT-BRAIN RESEARCH
Roger Sperry and Michael
Gazzaniga
studies
Showed language is housed in the left hemisphere
Right hemisphere: visual-spatial tasks (colors, arranging, recognizing)Slide4
HEMISPHERIC SPECIALIZATION IN THE INTACT BRAIN
Perceptual Asymmetries
: left-right imbalances
btwn
cerebral hemispheres in the speed of visual or auditory processing
Studied to show which hemisphere is more dominant in certain situationsSlide5
HEMISPHERE SPECIALIZATION
Better at:
Verbal processing
Language, speech, reading, writing
Possible: handling emotions, links to schizophrenia
Better at:
Nonverbal processing
Spatial, musical, and visual recognition
Possible: expression of emotions, recognition of other’s emotions; classical conditioning, links to depression
LEFT HEMISPHERE
RIGHT HEMISPHERESlide6
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Glands that secrete chemicals (
hormones
) into the bloodstream that help control body functioning
30 different hormones
Hypothalamus controls the endocrine systemSlide7
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Hypothalamus connected to the…
Pituitary gland
: releases variety of hormones that fan out in the body, stimulating actions in other endocrine glands
Pituitary gland is the “master gland” of the endocrine systemSlide8
HEREDITY AND BEHAVIOR
Behavioral genetics:
interdisciplinary field that studies the influence of genetic factors on behavioral traitsSlide9
CHROMOSOMES AND GENES
Chromosomes:
strands of DNA molecules that carry genetic info.
46 chromosomes (23 pairs, 1 chromosome from each parent)
Each chromosome contains
Genes
: DNA segments that serve as the key functional units in hereditary transmissionSlide10
CHROMOSOMES AND GENES
Homozygous condition
: two genes in specific pair are the same
Heterozygous condition:
2 genes in a specific pair are different
When heterozygous, the
dominant
gene is expressedSlide11
GENOTYPE VS. PHENOTYPE
Genotype
: a person’s genetic makeup
Phenotype
: ways in which a person’s genotype is manifested in observable characteristicsSlide12
POLYGENIC INHERITANCE
Polygenic traits
: characteristics that are influenced by more than one pair of genes
Most human characteristics are polygenicSlide13
RESEARCH METHODS FOR INVESTIGATING HEREDITARY INFLUENCE
Family studies
: examining blood relatives to see how much they resemble one another on a specific trait
Shows traits that “run in the family”
Only correlativeSlide14
RESEARCH METHODS CONTINUED
Twin studies
: comparing the resemblance of identical and fraternal twins w/respect to a trait
Identical (monozygotic) twins
: one zygote, split
Fraternal (dizygotic) twins:
2 eggs fertilized by different sperm cells, 2 separate zygotesSlide15
RESEARCH METHODS CONTINUED
Adoption studies
: examining resemblance
btwn
adopted children and both their biological and adoptive parents
Usually done only with babies given up at birthSlide16
GENETIC MAPPING
Def
: process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes on specific chromosomes
Technology only allows for single gene mapping
Most human traits are polygenic