A Bloody Conflict Learning Targets After this lesson you will Understand the nature of trench warfare Recognize the new weapons developed during WWI Know to what the nickname doughboy refers ID: 679398
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World War I and its Aftermath
A Bloody ConflictSlide2
Learning Targets
After this lesson you will:Understand the nature of trench warfareRecognize the new weapons developed during WWIKnow to what the nickname “doughboy” refers
Relate Vladimir Lenin’s rise to leadership in Russia with Russia’s withdrawal from the warDescribe the major battles of WWI Recognize the military leaders of WWIKnow when the fighting stopped
Analyze Wilson’s Fourteen Points doctrineUnderstand the provisions of the Treaty of VersaillesDescribe the U.S. reaction to the Treaty of Versailles
Understand U.S. involvement in the League of NationsSlide3
Combat in World War I
Trench WarfareThe rapid fire machine gun changed the nature of warfareOn the Western Front, troops dug trenches to “hide” in from the English Channel to the Swiss Border“No Man’s Land”Slide4
Combat in World War I
New TechnologyPoison gas used for the first timeThe tank was introducedAIRPLANES!!!Slide5
The Americans and Victory:
“Doughboys”Winning the War at SeaConvoysRussia leaves the War
In 1917 riots broke out in Russia over the war and a lack of food and fuelCzar Nicholas II left the thrownThe Boshevik communist political party led by Vladimir Lenin took control and signed the Treaty of Brest-LitovskSlide6
The Americans and Victory
The German Offensive FaltersMarch 21, 1918—The Germans launch a massive attack and move within 40 miles of Paris
March 28, 1918—American troops launch a counter-attack and capture Cantigny.May 31, 1918—American and French troops block the German advance to Paris at Chateau-ThierryJuly 15, 1918—German’s launch one last attack to take Paris. Slide7
The Americans and Victory:
The Battle of Argonne Forest
French Marshall Ferdinand Foch
—Supreme Commander of Allied Forces
Ordered massive counter-attacks all along the Western FrontDrove back German forces at Saint-MihielGeneral John J. Pershing—led 600,000 troops, 40,000 tons of supplies, and 4,000 artillery pieces
the most massive American attack in history
Between the Meuse River and the Argonne Forest (September 26, 1918)
Americans took on heavy casualties
German defenses had been shattered and a massive
hole in the German lines formedSlide8
A Flawed Peace
The War EndsRevolution took place in Austria-HungaryThe Ottoman-Turks surrenderThe German people rebel and force their emperor to step down
At the 11th hour, on the 11th day, in the 11th month of 1918—the fighting just sort of…stopped. (Armistice Day)Slide9
A Flawed Peace
The “Big Four”
President Wilson (U.S.), David Loyd George (G.B.), Georges Clemenceau (France), Vittorio Orlando (Italy)Met to decide what should be done after the war
Wilson presented his “14 Points” to congress in Jan. 1918Wanted to form a “general association of nations” (League of Nations which would later fail). This
would be the front runner of the United Nations Today.Slide10
The Treaty of Versailles
Three of the “Big Four” (all except
Wilson) wanted to punish Germany for the war.
Germany was stripped of its armed forces
Germany was made to pay $33 billion dollars
Germany was to acknowledge guilt for WWI.
The Russian, Ottoman, German, and Austria-Hungarian Empires were dissolved.
Yugoslavia, Poland, and Czechoslovakia created.
Wilson was disappointed in the harsh treatment of Germany but was glad that the League of Nations would be formed.
The U.S. Senate rejected the treaty!Slide11
Review Questions
What was the nature of trench warfare?What were the new weapons developed during WWI?To
what does the nickname “doughboy” refer?How did
Vladimir Lenin’s rise to leadership in Russia result in Russia’s withdrawal from the war?
What were the major battles of WWI? Who were the military leaders of
WWI?
When did the
fighting
stop?
What were
the provisions of the Treaty of
Versailles?
What was
the U.S. reaction to the Treaty of
Versailles?
What was the
U.S. involvement in the League of
Nations?Slide12
Essay Question
Describe Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points plan by summarizing the main purpose of the first five points, then the next eight points, and finally the fourteenth point.Slide13
Essay Question
Describe Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points plan by summarizing the main purpose of the first five points, then the next eight points, and finally the fourteenth point.In the first five points, President Wilson proposed to eliminate the general causes of war through free trade, disarmament, freedom of the seas, impartial adjustment of colonial claims, and open diplomacy instead of secret agreements. The next eight points addressed the right of self-determination. They also required the Central Powers to evacuate all of the countries invaded during the war. The fourteenth point called for the creation of the League of Nations. The League's member nations would help preserve peace and prevent future wars by pledging to respect and protect each other’s territory and political independence.