Associate Professor and Head Department of Sericulture Yuvarajas College University of Mysore Mysuru India 10 September 2020 1 wwwhbmaheshweeblycom A group of complex compounds found in all living cells and viruses composed of ID: 1042784
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1. NUCLEIC ACIDSDr. Mahesha H BAssociate Professor and HeadDepartment of SericultureYuvaraja’s CollegeUniversity of Mysore, Mysuru, India10 September 20201www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
2. A group of complex compounds found in all living cells and viruses, composed of purines, pyrimidines, carbohydrates, and phosphoric acid. Nucleic acids in the form of DNA and RNA control cellular function and heredity.10 September 20202NUCLEIC ACIDSwww.hbmahesh.weebly.com
3. First isolated by Freidrich Miescher in 1871. called NucleinNucleic acid – DNA – Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid & RNA – Ribose Nucleic AcidAll living cells/organisms – DNA & RNAViruses – DNA/RNA10 September 20203www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
4. 10 September 20204CENTRAL DOGMA OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY A CELL www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
5. I. Chemical Structure of DNANucleotide: 1. Thousands of repeating units that make up the DNA (DNA is a polymer) 10 September 20205www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
6. A phosphate groupA deoxyribose molecule (5-carbon sugar)A nitrogenous base adenine/thymine/guanine/cytosine(There are four different types of nucleotides, depending on which of the four bases is present- A, T, C, or G)10 September 20206www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
7. 10 September 20207NucleosideNucleotideGlycosidic BondEster Bondwww.hbmahesh.weebly.com
8. 10 September 20208Nitrogenous BaseNucleosideNucleotideAbbreviationAdenineDeoxyadenosineDeoxyadenosine-3’monophosphate3’-dAMPGuanineDeoxyguanosineDeoxyguanosine-5’monophosphate5’-dGMPCytosineDeoxycytidineDeoxycytidine- 5’monophosphate5’-dCMPThymineDeoxythymidineDeoxythymidine-5’monophosphate5’-dTMPNitrogenous Bases, Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Abbreviationwww.hbmahesh.weebly.com
9. 10 September 20209Difference between DNA and RNA www.hbmahesh.weebly.comDifference
10. 10 September 202010Nitrogenous Bases of DNA and RNA www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
11. 10 September 202011www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
12. 10 September 202012 tRNA www.hbmahesh.weebly.comTransfer RNA (tRNA) is an adaptor mol, typically 73 to 93 nucleaotides in length. Constitutes 10-12 % of total RNA of the cell with a MW of 25- 30 kd and 0.025 % DNA codes for tRNA. Structure:The 5’ –terminal phosphate group. The acceptor stem is a 7-base pair (bp). The CCA tail is at the 3' end of the tRNA . The D arm is a 4 bp stem ending in a loop that often contains dihydrouredine. The anticodon arm is a 5-bp stem whose loop contains the anticodon. The T arm is a 5 bp stem containing the sequence TΨC where Ψ is a pseudouridine.
13. 10 September 202013m RNA www.hbmahesh.weebly.comMessenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic information copied from DNA.mRNA constitutes 3-5 % of total RNA of the cell. The average MW is about 500 kd.
14. 10 September 202014 rRNA www.hbmahesh.weebly.comRibosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosome. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis. This constitutes 80 % of total RNA of the cell 3.2 % DNA codes for rRNA.
15. DNA Structure10 September 202015www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
16. The Watson-Crick Model of DNA Structure DNA consists of two chains of nucleotides in a ladder-like structure which is twisted (Double Helix)10 September 202016www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
17. James Watson & Francis CrickUsed data of M.H.F. Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, early 50’sWilkins and Franklin studied the structure of DNA crystals using X-rays.The X pattern suggested the structure of DNA was a helix (spiral/coil). 10 September 202017www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
18. Chargaff’s Rule: His data showed that in each species, the percent of A equals the percent of T, and the percent of G equals the percent of C.10 September 202018www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
19. Watson and Crick (1953)10 September 202019www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
20. Watson and Crick ModelA. The sides of the ladder are made up of alternating molecules of phosphate and deoxyriboseB. The bases make up the rungs (A rod or bar forming a step of a ladder) of the ladder10 September 202020www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
21. C. The bases that make up the rungs of the ladder are attracted by a weak chemical bonds called hydrogen bonds10 September 202021www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
22. Base Pairing RuleAdenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T)Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine(C)10 September 202022www.hbmahesh.weebly.com
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24. 10 September 202024Joined by three hydrogen bonds at 6,1,& 2 positionswww.hbmahesh.weebly.comJoined by two hydrogen bonds at 6 & 1 positions
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29. 10 September 202029http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbSIBhFwQ4s&feature=relatedwww.hbmahesh.weebly.comhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAL235Lwp0Animations
30. Acknowledgements to INTERNETFOR PICTURES AND PHOTOGRAPHS10 September 202030www.hbmahesh.weebly.com