Art 515 Kristofer Plona Printmaking in the North Development greatly impacted by the development of the printing press Arguably the most important invention in a century of fine arts Dramatic effects on social trends politics religion education and economy ID: 515633
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Slide1
Origins of European Printmaking
Art 515
Kristofer
PlonaSlide2
Printmaking in the North
Development greatly impacted by the development of the printing press
Arguably the most important invention in a century of fine artsDramatic effects on social trends, politics, religion, education, and economySlide3
Printmaking in the North
First instances of printmaking occur in the 14
th century as printed imagery appears on playing cards, tapestries, stained glass, and text illuminationsEarliest dated woodcut appeared in Brussels in 1418
Initially, woodcuts served as affordable images for devotion; prints sold to pilgrims as proof of their travels to holy sites throughout EuropeSlide4
Block Books
Scene from
Biblia Pauperum Ink on Vellum Bavarian State Library, Munich (World Digital Library)
Constructed by pilgrimsReligious in context
Used by clergy for educational purposes
Biblia
Pauperum
or “Pauper’s Bible” contained the sum of religious knowledge
Over 100 pages and 40 illustrations and bound
Linear prints and colored by hand by other artists or the owner of a given print Slide5
Block Books
World Digital LibrarySlide6
Printing Press
Demand for cheaper books
Johannes Gutenberg, mid-1500s
First instance of movable typeFirst printed book was the Mazarin Bible (
also referred to as the “Gutenberg Bible”)Slide7
Gutenberg Bible
Combined movable type with hand-drawn illuminations
Printed in Latin; Three volumes1,282 pages; 290 separate characters, 42 lines of text with two columnsText illuminations signal the beginning of new verses
Origin of standardized spelling and grammarPage breaks included
Johann Gutenberg
Page From 36-Line Bible
Ink on Vellum The Library of Congress, Washington D.C.
(World Digital Library)Slide8
Gutenberg Bible
Worlds Digital LibrarySlide9
Map Making
Martin
Waldseemüller World Map w/ GoresPrinted 1507(Landau & Parshall)Slide10Slide11
Map Making
Martin
Waldseemüller World Map w/ GoresPrinted 1507(Landau & Parshall)Slide12
The Woodcut
Anton
Sorg
Devils Tormenting Abraham in His CellPrinted 1482(Landau & Parshall)
Early woodcuts linear in nature with heavy outlines
Color, texture, value, and perspective an afterthought
Visual arts spiritual in natureSlide13
Albrecht
Duerer
Self-Portrait at 28Oil
on panelAlte Pinakothek, MunichSlide14
Albrecht
Duerer
Self-Portrait at 28Oil
on panelAlte Pinakothek, Munich
Kristofer
Plona
Self-Portrait at
26
Digital Photography
My Apartment, MiltonSlide15Slide16
Albrecht
Duerer
Samson Rending the LionWoodcut / WoodblockBritish Museum, London(Landau & Parshall, 170)Slide17
Albrecht
Duerer
RhinocerosWoodcut 1515(World Digital Library)Slide18
1482 1497Slide19
Lucas Cranach the Elder
St. George and the Dragon Chiaroscuro woodcut British Museum, London
(Landau & Parshall, 186)
Chiaroscuro woodcuts included multiple runs and colors
Blue (Solid Background)
2) Black (Linear Woodcut)
3) Gold (Highlights) Slide20
Printing Guilds
Professional organizations borrowing from previously founded guildsTools of metal workers, carpenters, sculptors, painters, illuminators, and weavers
1) Block making (maple, beech, cherry, etc.) 2) Image design for plate 3) Formschneider – cutting, carving 4)
Rubricator – inks, papers, and printingSlide21
Master of Balaam
St. Eloy in his Workshop Engraving Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam(Landau
& Parshall, 2)Slide22
Israhel
van
Meckenem
Dance at the Court of Herod
Engraving National Gallery of Art, Washington D.C.
(Landau & Parshall,58)
Etchings and Engravings
Copper, brass, tin, and pewter plates
More durable than woodcuts
Larger editions possible
New tools developed: dry point and burin
Wide variety in line allows artists greater detail and full spectrum of value (lightness vs. darkness)Slide23
Works Cited
Bitel, L., & Kelle
, M. (n.d.). Devils Tormenting Abraham in His Cell. In Figurae. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from http://monasticmatrix.org/figurae/?function=summary&id=1229
Parshall, Peter, and Rainer Schoch.Origins of European Printmaking.New Haven:
YaleUniversity
Press, 2006. Print
The Self-Portraits of Albrecht
Dürer
(2012). In Art History. Retrieved April 30, 2012, from
http://employees.oneonta.edu/farberas/arth/arth200/artist/durer_intro.html
World Digital
Library.United
Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, 7 Mar. 2012.Web. 8 Apr. 2012.
from http
://www.wdl.org/en
/