By Evan Nixon 12012009 Overview I will present on five different scientists and engineers who have had significant achievements that relate to systems engineering Jay Forrester Claude Shannon ID: 676285
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Famous Systems Scientists and Engineers" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Famous Systems Scientists and Engineers
By Evan Nixon
12/01/2009Slide2
Overview
I will present on five different scientists and engineers who have had significant achievements that relate to systems engineering
Jay Forrester
Claude Shannon
Wernher von Braun
Andrei
Kolmogorov
Lev
PontryaginSlide3
Jay Forrester: Life
Born July 14, 1918, Anselmo, Nebraska
Early fascination with electricity
Attended University of Nebraska, EE
Worked at MIT as a research assistant after collegeSlide4
Jay Forrester: MIT and the Navy
Pioneered work in feedback control systems at MIT
In WWII he developed servomechanisms for gun mounts and radar antennas
Developed an aircraft flight simulator
His simulator eventually became the SAGE (Semi-Automatic Ground Environment)Slide5
SAGE
To the left is the SAGE control room
System used from 1950s into 1980s
Used to intercept enemy bomber aircraft
Advanced online systems, real-time computing, and data communicationsSlide6
Management
In 1956 Forrester moved to the MIT school of Management
He applied his work to computationally analyze social situationsSlide7
Contributions and Acknowledgements
Founder of System Dynamics
Improved interactive computing and online systems
He worked on some of the most successful large computer systems ever built
IEEE Computer Pioneer Award in 1982
National Medal of Technology in 1989
Inducted into the Operational Research Hall of fameSlide8
Claude Shannon
“Father of information theory”
April 30, 1916 – February 24, 2001
Attended University of Michigan, MIT
Famous for master’s thesis on digital circuitrySlide9
A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits
Argued that Boolean algebra could simplify electromechanical relays used in telephone switches
Reverse of the concept: electronic switches could perform logic operations
This work became the foundation for digital circuit design
Earned Shannon the Alfred Noble American Institute of American Engineers Award in 1940Slide10
Post Graduate School
Shannon became a National Research Fellow at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton
Joined Bell Labs to work on control systems and cryptography during WWIISlide11
The Beginning of Information Theory
Shannon published a paper titled “A Mathematical Theory of Communication” in 1948
Focused on optimal methods for encoding data
Developed information entropy
Effectively invented information theory
Also introduced Sampling TheorySlide12
Oddities
Shannon was interested in juggling and
unicycling
Invented rocket-powered flying discs
Created a motorized pogo-stick
Invented a flame-throwing trumpetSlide13
Contributions and Acknowledgements
Credited with the founding of information theory
All computers are descendent from his concepts
Founded digital circuit design
Important work in cryptography
Alfred Noble Prize, 1940
IEEE Medal of Honor, 1966
National Medal of Science, 1966
National Inventors Hall of FameSlide14
Wernher von Braun
March 23, 1912 – June 16, 1977
Born German as a
Freiherr
Attended boarding schools, inspired by space
Rocket physicist and astronautics engineerSlide15
Beginnings
Von Braun worked at a rocket test site
Received a doctorate in physics from the University of Berlin for his thesis,
About Combustion Tests
His full thesis was unclassified in 1960
Von Braun was technical director of
Peenemünde
, a large rocket test facility
Was forced into the Nazi party if he wished to continue his workSlide16
Nazi Involvement
Von Braun specifically designed liquid fueled rockets in aircraft for the Nazis
Was chiefly involved in the development of the V-2 rocket
Nazis eventually believed that Von Braun would flee to England and arrested him for two weeks
He was eventually released, but decided to surrender to AmericaSlide17
America
Von Braun was instructed to continue his work and teach other American engineers rocketry secrets
Developed the Redstone rocket, then the Jupiter-C
Dreamed of presence in space, on the moon
Was chosen for orbital rocket taskSlide18
Space Race
Von Braun and his German team were chosen to develop a rocket based space vehicle
Von Braun became NASA’s first director
Von Braun played a large role in the development of Saturn rockets, was director when Apollo 11 landed on the moon
Eventually relocated and was assigned to be NASA's Deputy Associate Administrator for PlanningSlide19
Contributions and Acknowledgements
Made significant advances in rocketry
Developed technology that led us to the moon
Knight Cross of the War Merit Cross, 1944
Smithsonian Langley Medal, 1967
NASA Distinguished Service Medal, 1969
National Medal of Science, 1975
Werner-von-Siemens-Ring, 1975
Fun Fact: the crater ‘von Braun’ on the moon is named after himSlide20
Andrei Kolmogorov
April 25, 1903 – October 20, 1987
Immediately recognized as brilliant
Developed perpetual motion machines cleverly disguised as to fool teachers
Moscow State University, then Chemistry Technological InstituteSlide21
Mathematics
Kolmogorov
began proving results in set theory and Fourier series theory
Internationally recognized when he developed a special Fourier series, decided to become a mathematician
One of
Kolmogorov’s
most famous works,
About the Analytical Methods of Probability Theory,
published in 1931Slide22
Foundations of the Theory of Probability
Laid foundations for probability theory
Kolmogorov
regarded as leading expert in this field
Elected a academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Later published a paper establishing theory regarding smoothing stochastic processesSlide23
Later Research
Developed Chapman-
Kolmogorov
equations with mathematician Sydney Chapman
Advanced stochastic processes
Later studied turbulence, developed
Kolmogorov
-Arnold-Moser theorem
Founder of algorithmic complexity theory
Solved Hilbert’s thirteenth problem, a proof of whether or not solutions exist for all 7
th
degree equations of functions of two argumentsSlide24
Contributions and Acknowledgements
Contributed greatly to probability theory
Famous work in
intuitionistic
logic
Founder of algorithmic complexity theory
Laureate of the Wolf Prize in Mathematics
Stalin Prize WinnerSlide25
Lev Pontryagin
September 3, 1908 – May 3, 1988
Lost his eyesight in a stove explosion at age 14
Mother read him mathematical books, helped him to be a mathematicianSlide26
Student Studies
Worked on duality theory for homology
Later developed theory about the Fourier transform, called
Pontryagin
duality
His work led to Pontryagin
classes, a theory of characteristic classesSlide27
Optimal Control
Pontryagin
contributed greatly to optimal control theory
Pontryagin’s
Maximum Principle is very important in modern optimization theory
This theory finds the best control for making a system change from one state to another
Designed to maximize a ‘benefit’ function
Introduced ‘bang-bang’ principleSlide28
Contributions and Acknowledgements
Development of duality theory
Breakthrough work in
optimizaiton
Elected to Academy of Sciences in 1939
Stalin prize, 1941
LMS Honorary Member, 1952
Speaker at International Congress, 1958
Vice President of the International Mathematical Union, 1970Slide29
FIN
Any questions?