Critical thinking - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Critical thinking

Using Situational awareness and decision making

Thinking About ThinkingSlide2

Situational Awareness

Good situational awareness requires:Gathering data (sensing, perception), seeking cues in the environment

Assembling information to give understanding (comprehension)

Thinking ahead (projection)

Thinking about situational awareness involves:

Directing our attention to seek data; scanning a range of sources Evaluating information without bias, for accuracy and relevanceUnderstanding, using our knowledge and previous experiencesComparing and checking, visualizing future events — ‘What if?’Planning ahead, considering possible outcomes

Gathering data

Understanding

Play

Defense

Offense

Future

Now

Situation

SCAN

EVALUATE

ANTICIPATE

CONSIDER

Planning

AheadSlide3

Decision Making

Decision making requires an understanding of the situation and controlled thinking. Decision making involves assessment and choosing a course of action.

The situation determines the urgency of the decision, risks and limits of action.

Controlled thinking:

Reduces risk

Moderates behaviorManages time constraintsUses knowledge; seeks optionsJudges relevance and the quality of the choicePrepares for action, evaluates the outcome or a future situation

O

A D A

Observe Analyze Deduce ActSlide4

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking provides the mental control and discipline required for situational assessment and decision making. It involves several skills that can be learned, practiced and improved.

Control your mind by:Seeking and understanding information, facts and data

Effective planning, briefing and communication

Increasing knowledge; gaining experience

Learning within a context (situation)Maintain discipline by:Being aware of how you think; affects possessionEvaluating

your actions; having self

regulationBeing aware of all available resourcesBeing sensitive to feedback

Critical thinking is the skill of thinking about your thinking

Think inside the box before you think outside of the box

“

Are we in charge of our thinking, or is our thinking in charge of us?“Slide5

Critical Thinking —

Self awareness

Self awareness — self questioning, self monitoring

Am I biased in my thinking?

Have I made a plan for what I want to do?

Are my ideas or knowledge on this issue correct?

Am I aware of my thinking; what am I trying to do?

Am I using all of the resources for what I want to do?

Am I evaluating my thinking; what would I do differently next time?Am I aware of how well I am doing; do I need to change my actions or intentions?Monitoring is checking the quality or testing the accuracy of a situation on a regular basis. It is keeping a close watch over parameters and supervising the outcome.

It is checking for threats in our thinking.Slide6

Critical Thinking —

Knowledge

Improving your thinking —

Knowledge

About yourself

Commitment: training, not letting feelings

or

individual preference detract from the gamePositive attitudes: seeing the big

picture, persistence, resourcefulness, learning from set-backsAttention to detail: determining relevance, assessing affectsAbout the thinking processesKnowing the facts necessary to do a task by seeking information

Knowing how to do a task, how to scan, understand and think aheadKnowing why certain strategies work, when to use them, why one is better than anotherKnowledge to control the thinking processesSelf evaluation: assessing current technical knowledge, setting objectives, selecting resourcesSelf regulation: checking progress; reviewing choices, procedures, objectives, resourcesPlanning: choosing and planning a path to the objective, using procedures

Planning is the process of thinking about what you will do in the event of something happening or not happening.Slide7

Critical Thinking —

Habits

Improving your thinking — Habits

Changing our thinking habits requires effort; clear thinking is

an

essential

part of

officiating

and has to be developed throughout our careers.5 Levels of skill:Unskilled: Basic training only provides those skills necessary to be on the field.

Skilled: Continuation training and experience enable effective management.Effective: More technical knowledge, practiced skills and experience give an efficient operation.Efficient: Skillful command in controlling the game and crew leadership move toward a precision operation

.

Precision: An official who has gained and maintains precise technical and non-technical skills as a result of great personal effort.Expert thinkersFocus on central issuesIdentify relevant information

Consider information on merit

Test and check the basis of their awareness and decisionsSlide8

Critical Thinking

— Personal briefing Improving your thinking — Briefing

Before games,

self-briefing reinforces memory cues and knowledge, which aid

the recall

of information for use in situational assessment and decision making. Know what, who, where and when to prioritize your attention Always brief routine situations — repetition aids memory Structure the briefing along

game situations

Visualize your actions (position, players, calls)

Consider the significant game situations Recall lessons from training Refresh mechanics and rules What if questions Do not rush: Your thoughts control your actions.Slide9

Critical Thinking

— Personal debrief

Improving your thinking — Debrief

After each

game,

consider the following points: Plus, Minus, Interesting Plus:What was goodWhat went according to planMinus:

What was not so good, and why

What didn’t you know; find the answer before the next gameInteresting:

Have you changed the way you see things: situations, penalties, players, mechanicsWhat did you learn, why, and where did theinformation come from?Will you share this with others; if not why not?Anything for a commissioner, assignor to report?Any issues for confidential reporting?Did you experience: Administration, field, supply issues?Poor attitudesBiased opinionsMismanaged timeUnanswered questionsSlide10

Thinking

about Situational Awareness and Decision Making

Situational awareness and decision making depend on our ability to think.Thinking

enables humans to be very successful, but this ability also enables errors

that

, if not controlled, present risks in our daily activities.Value your ability, use it wisely

Game

Players

Situations

Working memory

Long-term memory - knowledge, biases, beliefs

Situational Awareness

Decision Making

Senses:

See

HearPattern recognitionComparisonChoiceSelection

Responses

Review

MonitorActionSlide11

Critical Thinking —

for Situational Awareness

Critical thinking for situational awareness — seek information

Essential components:

Accuracy — Is the information true?

Clarity — Can the information be understood?

Precision — Seek detail to understand the situation.

Relevance — Is the information connected to the situation?

Depth — Does the information address the complexity of the situation?Breadth — Are there other points of view or other ways to consider this situation?Logic — Does your understanding of the situation make sense?

Whenever you do not understand something, ask yourself a question for clarificationSlide12

Critical Thinking —

for Decision Making

Critical thinking for decision making — the choice of action

Essential components:

State the objective of the decision to be made

Identify information to be used in making the decision

Gather the evidence and information required to make a decision

Make a decision based on criteria (a safe outcome), information and risks

Ask what the evidence and information mean, considering the objectiveSlide13

Critical Thinking

Critical thinking is at the

center

of all safety processes and human activity.

Situational

Awareness

Safety,

Game, Player Management

Decision

Making

Critical Thinking