Day 1 Lesson Objective: Shhhh - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Day 1

Lesson Objective:

Shhhh

! It’s a secret….

You will have to tell me what the point of the lesson is when we are finished.Slide2

Observation

I noticed that girls throw farther than boys.Slide3

Question

Do girls throw farther than boys?Slide4

Hypothesis

I think that

girls

throw farther than

boys.Slide5

Procedure

Give a ball to a boy and a ball to a girl.

Have them throw the

balls time.

Measure how far they threw.

Add data to a table

.

Repeat for 3 trials.Slide6

Collect data

1st Throw

2

nd

Throw

3

rd

Throw

Girl

112 inches

98

inches

100 inches

Boy

80 inches

86 inches

90 inchesSlide7

Conclusion

My hypothesis was correct. Girls throw farther than boys.Slide8

What were some problems with my experiment? What factors may have affected the outcome (result) of the experiment?

I gave them different types of balls (one cotton and one paper)

.

Then I gave them the same balls, but turned on the fan for the girl.

For the 3

rd

trial, I let the girl go up 6 steps and then measured from where the boy threw the ball.=Slide9

So what

was

the objective?

Why did I do this

with you today?

I wanted to teacher you that the

experiment wasn’t “fair”. I did NOT have a CONTROLLED experiment because I changed more than one variable. Thus, I don’t know if the girl really threw farther or not because it could have been due to the different balls, the fan, or the fact that she moved up

.

In order to get accurate, valid results, I have to only change ONE variable, not many. So in this case, the only difference should have been that a girl and a boy threw the ball.

Also, when you use people in an experiment, you need to consider variables like the height, weight, age, etc. You should use hundreds of people in your study, not just one boy and one girl.Slide10

Controlled experiment

noun-an experiment in which

one

, and

only

one

, variable (thing in the exp.) is changed in order to assess its effect.

Why is it important to have a controlled experiment?Slide11

1..

variable

:

anything that you can change in an experiment that might affect the outcome

any factor that can exist in different amounts or types

Example-

the amount of water used

or the location of the pot in a plant experimentSlide12

 10.

hypothesis

: noun- a

scientific educated

guess that is a step in the inquiry process and guides the experiment

11.

observation

: noun- things that are seen, heard, felt, tasted or smelled that lead to a question and the creation of a hypothesis

13.

outcome:

noun-results of the investigationSlide13

Daisies vs. Roses

Question-Which grow faster, daisies or roses?

Hypothesis-I think that roses grow faster.

What are some of the variables that I should

control

in order for my experiment to be fair and my results to be accurate? What should I keep the

SAME

?

-how much water they get, the type and amount of soil, the amount of sunlight they get (so don’t put one in a dark room and one by a window), use fertilizer for both (or not at all), etc.

Which is the

only

variable that should change if I want the outcome (results) to be valid

?

-One pot would have daisies, and one pot would have rosesSlide14

End of Day 1Slide15

Day 2-Let’s do an experiment!

See your ISN for Penny Lab Sheets.

In this experiment, we did not control all of the variables. We had different students drop the water drops, we dropped the water from different heights, we sometimes shook the table, etc.

Since we didn’t do it the same each time, our results were “all ove

r the place”. Our data wasn’t accurate because we didn’t CONTROL enough variables.Slide16

Variables-Day 3

Lesson Objective:

I will understand the difference between an independent variable, a dependent variable, and a controlled variable.

I will identify which is which in variable experiments.Slide17

2.

independent

variable

: “what I change”

It’s the variable that is

known

before

the experiment is completed.

Goes on the x-axis.Slide18

3.

dependent

variable

:

-“what I observe”

It’s the variable that is

discovered from

completing the experiment. It is dependent on the independent variable.

Goes on the y-axis.Slide19

4.

controlled variable

-what you keep the same so that the exp. is “fair”Slide20

Example Using the Lemonade Experiment

Independent variable-What did I change

?

The temperature of the water

Dependent

variable-What

did I

observe? I didn’t know this variable UNTIL I did the experiment.

I counted the number of stirs until it dissolve.

Controlled Variables: What would we need to do the same, in order to get reliable results? So that it would be fair

?

I would need to use the same size/shape cup, the same amount of water in each cup, the same amount of powder in each cup, and would use the same spoon for stirring.Slide21

Let’s look at some real life examples.

Independent- I pushed snooze on my alarm and woke up late (change from normal day).

Dependent-I got to school late (what happened because of the independent variable)

Controlled variable-School starts at 8am every day (doesn’t change, is controlled, kept the same)Slide22

Now you try. Which is which type of variable?

There are fish in the lake. _____________

My fishing rod broke. _____________

I didn’t catch any fish. _____________Slide23

My Own Example

Draw a picture and use words to identify the types of variables using a real-life example from your own life.

Identify each type of variable in the situation.

Complete as homework if you do not finish.Slide24

Here are some other examples of dependent and independent variables in science:

A scientist studies the impact of a drug on cancer. The independent variable is the how much of the drug they give the patients. The dependent variable is the impact the drug has on cancer. 

A scientist studies the affect of not giving affection to rats. The independent variable is the amount of affection given. The dependent variable is the reaction of the rats. 

A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick. The independent variable is the number of days of consuming soup. The dependent variable is the onset of illness. Slide25

Now you try. Which is the independent and which is the dependent variable?

A scientist studies how many days people can eat soup until they get sick.

how many days it is until the people get sick

This is the thing I don’t know until I do the experiment, so it is the dependent variable.

number of days of they eat soup

This is what I changed, so it is the independent variable.Slide26

Complete the Simpsons Variables Sheet with a

Partner

See website for copies of this sheet if needed.