Definition Continuous and systematic process of collection analysis interpretation and dissemination of descriptive information for monitoring and investigate health problems Objectives Descriptive epidemiology of health problems ID: 736858
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SurveillanceKey Points
Dr. Oswaldo S. Medina GómezSlide2
DefinitionContinuous and systematic process of collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of descriptive information for monitoring and investigate health problemsSlide3
ObjectivesDescriptive epidemiology of health problems.Links to services.Links to research.Evaluation of interventions.
Projections and planners.
Education and policy.Slide4
Surveillance systemCase definition.Population under surveillance.Cycle of surveillance.Confidentiality.Incentives to participation.Slide5
Approaches to surveillanceActive or passive surveillance?Notifiable disease reporting.Laboratory- based surveillance.
Volunteer providers.Slide6
Approaches to surveillanceRegistries.Surveys.Information system
Sentinel events.
Record linkages.Slide7
RegistriesAre listings of all occurrences of a disease, or category of disease within a defined area.Registries collect relatively detailed information and may identify patients for long-term follow-up for specific laboratory or epidemiologic investigation.Slide8
SurveyProvide a method for monitoring behaviors associated with disease, personal attributes that affect disease risk, knowledge/attitudes that influence health behaviors, use of health services, and self-reported disease occurrence.Slide9
Information systemAre data bases collected for general, rather that disease-specific purposes, which can applied to the surveillance of specific conditions. Slide10
Sentinel EventsThe occurrence of rare disease known to be associated with a specific exposure can alert health officials to situations where others may have been exposed to a potential hazard.Slide11
Sentinel EventsSurveillance for sentinel events can be used to identify situations where public health investigation or intervention is required.Slide12
Record linkagesLinkage of surveillance records to an independent data source can be used to identify previously undetected cases and thus measure and improve the completeness of surveillanceSlide13
Analysis of surveillance dataThe analysis of surveillance is descriptive and straightforward, using standard epidemiologic techniques.Comparisons between groups may require steps to assess and control for confounding, and more advanced analytic techniques may be required.Slide14
Attributions of surveillanceSensitivity.Timeliness.Representativeness.
Predictive value.Slide15
Attributions of surveillanceAccuracy and completeness of descriptive information.Simplicity.Flexibility.
Acceptability.Slide16
SensitivityExtent does the system identify all the events in the target population.For purposes of monitoring trends, low sensitivity may be acceptable if sensitivity is consistent over time and detected events are representative.Slide17
TimelinessEntire cycle of information flow, ranging from collection to dissemination.Slide18
Representativeness Events detected through the surveillance system represent persons with the condition of interest in the target populationSlide19
Accuracy and completeness of descriptive informationForms of reporting health events often include descriptive personal information