Technology Now, 2nd Edition PowerPoint Presentation, PPT

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Chapter 1. Computer Hardware. In this . Chapter . Review a Brief History of Computers. Describe Types of Computers. Define Input Devices. Use Keyboards. Use Pointing Devices. Define Output Devices. Define the Central Processing Unit. ID: 720213

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Technology Now, 2nd Edition

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Technology Now, 2nd Edition
Chapter 1
Computer Hardware
Slide2
In this Chapter Review a Brief History of ComputersDescribe Types of ComputersDefine Input Devices
Use KeyboardsUse Pointing DevicesDefine Output DevicesDefine the Central Processing UnitDescribe How Computers Represent DataDescribe Computer MemoryStore Digital Data
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Slide3
Review a Brief History of Computers (1 of 4)Computing has progressed from manual counting tools and mechanical calculators to several generations of electronic devicesThe trend in computer hardware is to make each new generation:more powerful
smallerfaster3
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Review a Brief History of Computers (2 of 4)
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Review a Brief History of Computers (3 of 4)Computer Technology EvolutionFirst-generation: vacuum tubesSecond-generation:
transistorsThird-generation: integrated circuitsFourth-generation: microprocessors5
Technology Now
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Review a Brief History of Computers (4 of 4)Trace the Rise of Modern Personal Computers1970s -- 1980s: computers meant for personal use started to gain popularity1978: Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak of Apple Computer Corporation introduced the Apple II
1981: IBM introduced personal computer (PC)6Technology Now
Slide7
Describe Types of Computers (1 of 10)7
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Describe Types of Computers(2 of 10)Identify Desktop ComputersDesktop computer: The first type of PC
Consists of: system unit, monitor, keyboard, and mouse
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Describe Types of Computers (3 of 10)Identify Desktop Computers
All-in-one desktop: Combines the system unit with the monitor takes up less space than traditional desktoplarge display screen without hardware of a system unit9
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Describe Types of Computers (4 of 10)Describe LaptopsLaptops are as powerful as desktop computers
Are lightweight, portable, run on rechargeable batteriesInclude one or more USB ports, built-in cameras, and microphonesHave wireless connectivity10
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Describe Types of Computers (5 of 10)11
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Describe Types of Computers (6 of 10)Describe TabletsA tablet is a small, flat computer with a touch-sensitive screen that accepts input from a digital pen, a
stylus, or fingertipsA slate is a standard one-piece rigid tablet with a display built into the front of the tablet caseA 2-in-1 device combines the touch screen with a keyboard that you can fold away or detach12
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Describe Types of Computers (7 of 10)Describe Tablets
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Describe Types of Computers (8 of 10)Identify SmartphonesTablets and smartphone
are mobile devices portable computer that weighs up to 2 poundsinput through fingertips, digital pen, or stylus many accept voice commandsSmartphones call through cellular networksOther types of mobile devices include portable media players, e-book readers, and game consoles
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Describe Types of Computers (9 of 10)Describe Wearable DevicesWearable
device, or wearable, is a small mobile computing device designed to be worn Activity trackers contain smart sensors to monitor vital signs and movementsSmartwatches are wristwatches with a chip and a touch screen to communicate with a smartphoneInternet of Things (IoT): a network of objects that contain software, sensors, and connectivity technology to independently exchange data with other computing devices through the Internet
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Describe Types of Computers (10 of 10)
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Define Input Devices (1 of 14)All computers include input devices to allow a user to communicate instructions and commandsA mouse
and keyboard are the most common computer input devicesTablets and smartphones use a touch screen to accept inputComputers of all sizes include microphones to accept voice commands as input
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Define Input Devices (2 of 14)18
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Define Input Devices (3 of 14)Use Keyboards
Keyboard is an input device used by pressing keys for letters, numbers, and symbolsEnglish keyboards are organized in the standard QWERTY layout, named for the letter keys on the second row19
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Define Input Devices (4 of 14)Use Pointing DevicesUse a pointing device to move the pointer on a computer screen
Touchpad: most common pointing device Mouse: pointing device that fits under handmight include a scroll wheel or touch-sensitive surface for scrolling the display.Trackball: older pointing device with a ball anchored inside a casing
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Define Input Devices (5 of 14)Use Pen Input DevicesPen input device such as a stylus, or digital pen used to write, draw, or make selections on a touch screen or graphics tabletGraphics Tablet:
flat, pressure-sensitive pad used for drawing onStylus: small plastic or metal device shaped like a pen Use to draw freehand, tap icons, or press keys on an on-screen keyboardDigital pen or smartpen: more powerful than a stylus can include an electronic eraser or programmable buttons
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Define Input Devices (6 of 14)Use Pen Input Devices
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Define Input Devices (7 of 14)Use Touch ScreensTouch screen: visual display that responds to the touch of your finger, hand, stylus, or digital pen to enter data and commandsTablets, kiosks, and smartphones commonly use touch screens
Gesture: motion used to interact with touchscreens Multitouch screen: screen that can recognize input from more than one finger at a time23
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Define Input Devices (8 of 14)Use Cameras and ScannersCameras and smartphones serve as input devices to transfer pictures or video to a computerBluetooth or infrared connection, via a USB port, or using a memory card
Web cams used for video conferencing or chattingScanners convert printed material into digital format24
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Define Input Devices (9 of 14)
Use Cameras and Scanners3-D Scanners scan an object or person in three dimensions, and then print the item on a 3-D printer25
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Define Input Devices (10 of 14)Use MicrophonesMicrophones allow entry of voice or sound data into a computer
A wired or wireless headset consists of a microphone built into a headphone setMIDI, short for Musical Instrument Digital Interface, is a system for creating and storing synthesized musicstandard for connecting electronic musical devices to computers26
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Define Input Devices (11 of 14)Provide Voice InputVoice input uses the human voice to give commands to a computer
computer must have voice recognition or speech recognition software installed so it can accept the voice input and interpret it as computer commands27
Slide28
Define Input Devices (12 of 14)Use Game ControllersGame controller is
an input device you use when playing a video gameJoystick is a vertical stick or lever that pivots in a 360-degree range of motionSteering wheel controllers simulate on-screen drivingGamepad is a handheld console with buttons and other controls you typically press with your thumbsMotion-sensing controllers let you control game play by gesturing and moving your body or the controller itself
Dance boards and balance boards record your movement on the board and then feed it to the device
Virtual reality (VR) gaming device
is a headset or head-mounted display that generates a realistic environment
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Define Input Devices (13 of 14)Provide Biometric InputBiometric technology analyzes a person’s unique physical characteristics to confirm identity and grant access to restricted spaces or devices
Biometric input device collects data that creates a digital imprint of a physical characteristic, and then transfers that information to a host system for reviewWindows Hello: Windows 10 facial recognition system called, which verifies a user’s identity using the device’s built-in camera29
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Define Input Devices (14 of 14)Provide Biometric InputFingerprint readers also
called fingerprint scanners, are the most common biometric devices30
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Use Keyboards (1 of 3)
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Use Keyboards (2 of 3)32Use Mobile Device Keyboards
To use the touch screen keyboards of mobile devices, you press the image of a key with your finger, a digital pen, or a stylusMany of the keys have more than one purpose, providing similar functionality to standard keyboards
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Use Keyboards (3 of 3)
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Use Mobile Device Keyboards
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Using Pointing Devices (1 of 2)Use the Mouse
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Slide35
Using Pointing Devices (2 of 2)Touch screens support gestures,
or finger motions, to perform various pointing device functions35
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Define Output Devices (1 of 4)An output device conveys information from the computer to its userTypes of output device include:
Display devicesPrintersSpeakersProjectors36
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Define Output Devices(2 of 4)Output devices
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Define Output Devices(3 of 4)Describe Display DevicesAll PC have a display device that shows text and images on a screen
Untraditional display devices include wearable goggles, also called head-mounted displays (HMDs) that project a computer-generated VR38
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Define Output Devices(4 of 4)Describe Display DevicesFlat panel display
: a thin, flat screen that uses either liquid crystal display (LCD) or light-emitting diode (LED) technologyThe resolution of a screen indicates the number of horizontal and vertical pixels in a displayPixels: picture elements, or single points of light
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Define the Central Processing Unit (1 of 8)The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of a computerOften called microprocessor
or processorIs an integrated circuit or chipBuilt into the motherboardMotherboard is the main circuit board houses much of a computer’s electronics
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Define the Central Processing Unit (2 of 8)
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Define the Central Processing Unit (3 of 8)Define Processor CoresProcessor performance is determined in part by the number of cores, or processor units, on a CPU
Multicore processor faster and more powerful than single core processors Dual core (two cores) Quad-core processors (four cores)42
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Define the Central Processing Unit (4 of 8)Describe Processor Logic and the Machine CycleControl unit directs the flow of instructions throughout the processor
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and comparison operations Registers are small storage locations within the CPUMachine cycle four-step process in the CPUfetch, decode, execute, and store43
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Define the Central Processing Unit (5 of 8)Measure Clock SpeedProcessor clock sets speed at which the CPU executes instructions Clock speed is measured in Hertz
Megahertz (MHz) -- millions of cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) -- billions of cycles per secondCycle -- smallest unit of time a process can measure44
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Define the Central Processing Unit (6 of 8)Measure Bus Speed and WidthBus is the electronic channel that allows the CPU and various devices inside or attached to a computer to communicate
Data bus transfers the data Address bus transfers the information about where the data exists in memoryBus width, also called word size, determines the speed at which data travelsMeasured in bits
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Define the Central Processing Unit (7 of 8)Define Processor CacheCache storage space for recently or frequently used data in a place that is quick and easy to access
Processor cache stores frequently used data and instructions next to the processorThree types of cache: Level 1 (L1), Level 2 (L2), and Level 3 (L3)
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Define the Central Processing Unit (8 of 8)Describe BenchmarkingBenchmark is a test run by a laboratory or other organization to determine processor
Individual factors: clock speed, bus speed, and cache levelMany factors determine the performance of a processor47
Slide48
Describe How Computers Represent Data (1 of 6)The binary number system consists of only two digits: 0 and 1Computers are binary machines because they are electronic devices, and electricity has two states: on and offDigitizing data converts it from human-recognizable forms to forms that computers can use
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Describe How Computers Represent Data (2 of 6)A bit (binary digit) is the smallest unit of information handled by a computerA bit can have the value of 0 or 1
A group of 8 bits is called a byte49
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Describe How Computers Represent Data (3 of 6)Describe How Computers Represent TextComputers use bytes as building blocks to represent text, images, and soundASCII
is an 8-bit coding scheme, with different binary codes representing each uppercase letter, lowercase letter, mathematical operator, and logical operationUnicode is a 16-bit coding scheme, is an extension of ASCII that can create over 65,000 symbols and characters in many languages50
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Describe How Computers Represent Data (4 of 6)Describe How Computers Represent SoundA process called sampling takes samples of sound waves a specified number of times per second
Each sample is stored as a binary number51
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Describe How Computers Represent Data (5 of 6)Describe How Computers Represent ImagesEach color is assigned a binary number 0000 for black 1111 for whiteTo digitize an image, the image is treated as a series of colored dots, or
pixels52
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Describe How Computers Represent Data (6 of 6)
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Describe Computer Memory (1 of 7)Computer memory holds data and programs as they are being processed by the CPUMemory stores three kinds of information:instructions to be processeddata necessary to complete the instructionsresults of the data processing operation
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Describe Computer Memory(2 of 7)Computer memory
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Describe Computer Memory(3 of 7)Define Random Access MemoryRandom access memory (RAM) is a
volatile memory type that holds computer data and programs as they runStored on a set of chips called a memory chip or a memory module, which is a small circuit board that slides into a slot on the motherboard56
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Describe Computer Memory(4 of 7)Identify Types of Random Access MemoryThree basic types of RAM:Dynamic RAM (DRAM)
Static RAM (SRAM)Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM)57
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Describe Computer Memory(5 of 7)Define Read-Only MemoryRead-only memory (ROM) is permanently installed on a computer systemROM on motherboard contains
BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) includes the instructions for starting up your computerperforms power-on self-test (POST)Firmware: instructions on ROM chip Boot Instructions
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Describe Computer Memory(6 of 7)Describe Types of Programmable MemoryProgrammable memory are nonvolatile types of programmable ROMInclude:
Programmable read-only memory (PROM)Electrically erasable programmable memory (EEPROM)Flash memory59
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Describe Computer Memory(7 of 7)Describe Virtual MemoryVirtual memory swaps files between RAM and the hard disk to avoid running out of RAM
Swap file part of the hard disk used by virtual memoryPage is the amount of data and instructions that can be swapped at any given time 60
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Store Digital Data (1 of 6)61
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Store Digital Data (2 of 6)Store Data on Internal Hard DrivesThe hard disk is the main storage medium on a personal computer
Contained in a storage device called the hard disk drive (HDD) or hard driveMost desktop and laptops use a magnetic hard drive made up of one or more disks called plattersSolid state drives (SSDs) are more durable than magnetic drives
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Store Digital Data (3 of 6)Use an External Hard DriveExternal hard drive adds storage capacityInexpensive and easy
Use to transfer filesUse for backupAttach via USB cable or Firewire63
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Store Digital Data (4 of 6)Store Data on Optical MediaOptical media store data as light and dark spots on a discUse is declining easyEasy to store and transport
Less susceptible to damageStorage capacities for optical discs varyCDs --1 GB of dataDVDs --17 GB of dataBDs -- 100 GB of data64
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Store Digital Data (5 of 6)
Store Data on Solid State DrivesSolid State storage uses nonmagnetic technology and can be removable, such as flash drives and memory cards, or contained in a device, such as a solid state hard drive65
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Store Digital Data (6 of 6)Store Data in the CloudCloud storage you store your data remotely and access it with any device connected to the InternetInformation and programs are on servers which have data storage capacities many times larger than a PC
If lose power or Internet connection, cannot access dataConsider security and privacy issuesGoogle Drive, Microsoft OneDrive, iCloud, and Dropbox66