Native Plant Communities as a Template for Green Roof Design Doug Daley PE Environmental Resources Engineering SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Syracuse NY Annual Meeting of the American Ecological Engineering Society ID: 218650
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Slide1
Using Native Plant Communities as a Template for Green Roof Design
Doug Daley, P.E.
Environmental Resources Engineering
SUNY
College of Environmental Science and Forestry
Syracuse, NY
Annual Meeting of the American Ecological Engineering Society
June7-9, 2012Slide2
Summary
Native plant communities are used as the basis for a Proof-of-Concept design approach
R
ooftop growing conditions at
SUNY
ESF Gateway Building will emulate dune and
alvar
communities found along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario
Rooftop system will meet hydrologic performance requirements, support efforts to conserve unique ecological resources, and educate ESF’s broad community, including parents, students, Board, SUNY, municipal officials, designers,…Slide3
Green Roof Design in NY
NYS
Stormwater
Management Design Manual: Green Roof (Chapters 4/5)
Runoff reduction by storage and ETSlide4
Design Components - FunctionalStructural support
Waterproof barrier
Drainage layer (soil) supports vegetation, no clay, porosity > 15%
Geosynthetic
filter fabrics to prevent clogging
Plants with tolerance for regional climate, harsh rooftop conditions and shallow rooting depth (e.g. alpine, arid)Slide5
Role of Vegetation
Evapotranspiration
Vegetation on extensive roof captures about 10% of storm event (Michigan State,
VanWoert
, et al, 2005,
JEQ
, 34(3): 1036-1044)
Medium captures about 50%
Other values
Aesthetic
Habitat
ConservationSlide6
Green Roof Classes
Intensive
Wide variety of plant species, including shrubs and trees, greater diversity of choice
Deeper substrate >4” to 6”
Park-like and accessible
Extensive
Shallow soil (<=4”)
Herbs, mosses, grasses, sedums (
NYSDEC
)
“Low” maintenance – 2 visits/year to remove “
invasives
”
Native vegetation is recommended (NYSDEC)Slide7
SUNY ESF Gateway BuildingSlide8
Great Lakes Sand Dunes
Growing conditions include extreme temperatures, strong winds, shifting sands
American
beachgrass
,
Ammophila
breviligulata
http://www.seagrant.sunysb.edu/glhabitat/PDFS/ELODWAFactSheetDunePlants.pdfSlide9
Endangered plant species found there:
Champlain
beachgrass
(
Ammophila
breviligulata
),
rough
avens
(
Geum
laciniatum
),
woodland bluegrass (
Poa
sylvestris
),
marsh horsetail (Equisetum
palustre
),
large
twayblade
(
Liparis
liliifolia
),
livid sedge (
Carex
livida
),
giant pine drops (
Pterospora
andromedea
)
sand dune willow (Salix
cordata
).Slide10
Alvar Barrens
Prairie-like barrens
Flat, thin- to no-soiled, rocky (limestone bedrock)
Grasslands, limestone woodlands, cedar forests, pavement barrens
Adapted to extreme conditions:
Shallow soil, regular spring flooding, summer drought
Local Nature Conservancy efforts at Chaumont Barrens Preserve, Jefferson County
Extend through Michigan
http://www.epa.gov/ecopage/shore/lakeont.htmlSlide11
Alvar
Pavement BarrensSlide12
Plenty of Options for Color and Texture
Selected
Alvar
Species
Agropyron
trachycaulum
–
slender wheatgrass
Aquilegia
canadensis
– wild columbine
Artemisa
campestris
var.
caudata
– tall wormwood
Aster
ciliolatus
– aster
Bromus
kalmii
–
brome grass
Carex
eburnea
– ebony sedge
Carex
granularis
– sedge
Carex
vulpinoidea
– brown fox sedge
Danthonia
spicata
– poverty grass
Deschampsia
cespitosa
–
tufted
hairgrass
Fragaria
virginiana
–wild strawberry
Geum
triflorum
–
prairie smoke
Juniperus
communis
– common juniper
Muhlenbergia
glomerata
– spike or marsh
muhly
Oligoneuron
album
– upland white aster
Penstemon
hirsutus
-
hairy beardtongue
Rosa
blanda
– meadow rose
Saxifraga
virginiensis
– early saxifrage
Solidago
hispida
– goldenrod
Solidago
nemoralis
– gray goldenrod
Sporobolus
heterolepis
– northern prairie
dropseed
Zigadenus
elegans
var.
glaucus
– white camas
Zizia
aurea
– golden
alexanders
Slide13
Green PRoof
Original design – SUNY CF
Thin soil, sedums
Uprising
Original thought?
Creative design?
World-class environmental science and design programs?
Team of ecologists, LA, engineerSlide14
Green PRoof of Concept – Day 13
3” Bed
8” BedSlide15
Concept – Day 34 (July 19)Slide16
Concept – Day 64 (August 18)Slide17
Dune Willow, Salix cordata
(3 months)Slide18
Tall wormwood,
Artemisa
campestris
var.
caudata
(Day 10-134)
Rapid coverage, great survivalSlide19
Sand cherry, Prunus pumila
var.
depressa
Sand cherry was pruned to reduce competition, and provided great color and coverSlide20
Color/TextureSlide21
June 6, 2012 (Year 3)Slide22
ESF Gateway Building – Green Roof Section
Mirafi
G4Slide23
ESF Gateway Bldg – Dune ProfileSlide24
MiraDrain G4 Drainage Composite
Filter fabric
Moisture retention mat
Drainage mat
Protection Fabric
Storage Capacity = 0.32” rain (7.97 L/m
2
)(1.63 lb water/SF)
Flow rate = 75
gpm
/SFSlide25
Green Roof Runoff Reduction
Water Quality volume (
WQv
) = 678 CF
Storage Volume= 739 + 0 + 132 + 0 = 871
cf
WQv
<Storage
P (in) = 90% Rainfall Event Number (See Figure 4.1) = 0.9
I = Impervious Cover = 100 Percent
Rv
= 0.95
A = site area = 9500 SF
Minimum
Rv
= 0.2 if
WQv
>
RRv
Slide26
Dune and Alvar Plantings
American
Beachgrass
Field Wormwood
Wavy
Hairgrass
Canada Wild Rye
Sand Dune Willow
Salix
cordata
Eastern Sand CherrySlide27
MonitoringSoil temperature, moisture content
Survival, growth and cover
Pioneers
Precipitation, runoffSlide28
Design and Management Issues
Designer resistance
Innovative? Need proof of concept
Faith?
Plant propagation
Sedums are widely available
Cost
Additional soil, unusual plants and increased structural loads
Management
is it a garden, or a native system?Slide29
SummaryNative plant communities are used as the basis for a Proof-of-Concept design approachR
ooftop growing conditions at
SUNY
ESF Gateway Building will emulate dune and
alvar
communities found along the eastern shore of Lake Ontario
Rooftop system will meet hydrologic performance requirements, support efforts to conserve unique ecological resources, and educate ESF’s broad community, including parents, students, Board, SUNY, municipal officials, designers,…Slide30
Acknowledgments
Co-Authors/Investigators/Photographers (
SUNY
ESF)
Tim Toland
D
on Leopold
Terry Ettinger
James Johnson
SUNY
Construction Fund
NY Economic Development
Illustrations: Sea Grant New York