Psychological Disorders To be considered a disorder, a behavior must be: - PowerPoint Presentation

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Psychological Disorders

To be considered a disorder, a behavior must be:

1) Maladaptive: Harmful to oneself. 2) Unjustifiable: Without a rational basis. 3) Disturbing: Emotionally troublesome to others 4) Atypical: Violates cultural norms.

Characteristics of disorders

Identifies & Describes the symptoms of disorders.

Allows for the common diagnosis of disorders.Divides disorders into 5 axes Limits/Drawbacks

Does not explain why disorders occur.Leads to negative labeling of individuals.Subjectivity of what is/is not a disorder (Influenced by culture)

Diagnostic Statistical Manual(DSM V)

DSM-V

came out last year!

Insanity is a legal & not a psychological term.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

 Consistently elevated level of stress.Panic Disorder  Recurring Panic Attacks

 Might or might not have environmental triggers

Phobic Disorder  Agoraphobia: Fear of open, public spaces (Causes isolation)  Social Phobias: Fear of certain social situationsObsessive Compulsive Disorder

 Obsession: Repetitive thoughts.  Compulsion: Repetitive actions.Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

 Reliving of a horrifying experience.

 Lack of emotion.

Anxiety Disorders

Persistent psychological problems that manifest themselves through physical symptoms

Conversion Disorders: when a person experiences blindness, deafness, or other sensory or motor failure without a physical cause. (Extreme Stress seen as contributing factor)Hypochondriasis: Have a strong, unjustified fear of having a physical illness resulting in the person believing he or she is sick

Somatoform Disorders

Major Depressive Disorder

 Lack of enjoyment, fatigue, weight change, worthlessness  must last for at least 2 weeks

 Aaron Beck: Depressives make cognitive errors.

 Seasonal Affective Disorder: Bouts tied to time of year.Dysthymic Disorder  Like Depression, but less severe & can last over 2 years.Bipolar Disorder

 Alternating states of Depression & Mania  Mania: Euphoric feeling, No sleep, Overconfidence, Risks

Mood Disorders

Anxious, Fearful Behaviors

1) Avoidant Personality Disorder- Want friends & social interaction 2) Dependent Personality Disorder- Can’t do things for self

3) Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder- Perfectionists

Odd, Eccentric Behaviors 1) Schizoid Personality Disorder- Don’t want interaction w/ others 2) Paranoid Personality Disorder

- Overly suspicious Dramatic, Erratic Behaviors 1) Histrionic Personality Disorder- Drama Queen, Center of attention 2) Narcissistic Personality Disorder

- Full of yourself

3)

Borderline Personality Disorder

- Quick, explosive mood changes

4) Anti-Social Personality Disorder- No conscience, psychopathic

Personality Disorders

People Dissociate (Separate) from their sense of self.

Dissociative Amnesia  Retrograde Amnesia: Can’t recall old memories.  Caused by stress

 Temporary

Dissociative Fugue  Bout of amnesia accompanied by purposeful travel.Dissociative Identity Disorder

 Having multiple personalities/selves.  Caused by sexual abuse in childhood.  Controversial: Role Theory Explanation, BPD Explanation

Dissociative disorders

A Split from reality.

Hallucinations- Perception w/o sensory input.  Usually auditoryDelusions- False beliefs (Fueled by hallucinations)

 Grandeur- You are very important & powerful

 Persecution- Others out to get you.  Influence- You are under control by others.Word Salad- Disorganized, rambling speech  Neologisms

Catatonia- Non-responsive, exhibits waxy flexibility.Flat Affect- Emotionless

Schizophrenia (Part I)

Positive Symptoms

Adding something unusual

Negative Symptoms

Removal of normal behavior

Types of Schizophrenia

1) Paranoid Schizophrenia: Delusions of grandeur & persecution 2) Catatonic Schizophrenia: Catatonia, Waxy Flex., Flat affect

3) Disorganized Schizophrenia: “Going mad”

4) Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: Don’t fit other 3 categoriesCauses 1) Increased amount of Dopamine 2) Prenatal viruses

3) Differences in Brain (slower frontal lobe, smaller thalamus) 4) Heredity 5) Dopamine Hypothesis

Schizophrenia (Part II)