Sec 4 Imperialism in Latin America Unit 3 Industrialization and Nationalism I Power Struggles in Mexico Early Conflicts Independence from Spain 1821 Under rule of Antonio de Santa Anna ID: 755578
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Ch 11: The Age of ImperialismSec 4: Imperialism in Latin America
Unit 3: Industrialization and NationalismSlide2
I. Power Struggles in Mexico Early ConflictsIndependence from Spain – 1821
Under
rule of Antonio de Santa Anna
(1833-1855)
Benito Juarez came to power & tried to reform economy, 1855
Led to civil war (1858-1861)
Second Mexican Empire, 1864-1867
1861 – French Emperor Napoleon III est. puppet govt. under
Maximilian
(Austrian Archduke)
Maximilian executed after French withdrew troops
Mexico re-established republic under
B.JuarezSlide3
Mexican RevolutionJuarez died & Porfirio Diaz took over
Est. dictatorship that favored wealthy
Imprisoned opponent- reformer Francisco Madero
Madero released, fled to US, and starts rebellion
Supported by
Pancho Villa & Emilio Zapata, who led raids against Diaz govt.Madero elected president in 1912 but soon overthrown by army (Gen. Victoriano Huerta)Both Villa & Zapata attacked Huerta’s army in protestU.S. Marines sent to restore order in 1912Slide4
Carranza Takes Over 1914: Huerta resigns / Venustiano
Carranza became new president
U.S. recognized Carranza govt. but Villa & Zapata start another civil war
Villa attacks Texas towns to discourage U.S.
US Army chases Villa back into Mexico but fail to catch him
Villa agrees to stop attacks by 19201917- Carranza works to reform Mexico but unable to lead them out of poverty
Venustiano
CarranzaSlide5
II. Growing U.S. InfluenceSlide6
Cuba
1860s
– Cuba fought for independence from Spain
Spain exiled revolutionary leaders
Jose Marti
inspires Cuban revolutionaries from NYC1895- Marti founds Cuban Revolutionary Party, returns to Cuba, joins uprising against SpanishSpain overreact; tries to crush rebellion, killing MartiSpanish Gen. Valeriano
“Butcher”
Weyler
est. concentration camps & commits atrocitiesSlide7
Spanish-American War, 1898
U.S. sympathy for Cuba
Seen as “freedom fighters”
Power of press –
yellow journalism
“Remember the Maine”Feb. 1898 – USS Maine explodes in Havana HarborPapers blame Spanish espionage
“A Splendid Little War”
U.S. easily defeated Spain in Cuba & Philippines in less than 3 months
U.S. acquires Puerto Rico, Guam, & Philippines in treaty; Cuba becomes U.S.
protectorate
(Platt Amendment)Slide8
Revolt in the PhilippinesFilipinos, led by
Emilio Aguinaldo
, rebel against U.S. imperialism
Believed they would be independent after Spanish control
Over 200,000 Filipinos killed! ; Revolt failed
U.S. controls Philippines till 1935Slide9
Panama Canal (1904-1914)1880s–French began construction; bogged downU.S. bought land in 1903 but Colombia (in control over Panama) refused to let U.S. build
Pres. T. Roosevelt encouraged revolution to overthrow Colombian govt. & make Panama independent country
Revolution successful & U.S. given permission to continue with canal
Completed in 1914 (made trip from CA to NY 8,000 mi. shorter)Slide10
The U.S. Increases Power in Latin AmericaThe U.S. Warns Europe
1823 –
Monroe Doctrine
issued declaring the Americas to be off limits to Europe
By late 1800s, Europe economically involved in Latin America
T.R. developed Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine; U.S. would use military force to keep Europe out
The U.S. Intervenes in Latin
American Affairs
US will send troops several times in 1900s to keep stability in area
Haiti, Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, & Cuba
Took over control of these nations’ finances to keep Europe out & “prevent financial chaos”