Imperialism - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

ImperialismSlide2

Admit Slip

You are a factory owner in Britain during the 1800’s (during the Industrial Revolution). Your factory is in charge of manufacturing desks, doors, tables, and chairs (anything made of wood). Sales have recently declined due to a decrease in the amount of raw materials (lumber) used to make the finished products. In addition to the shortage of lumber, a shortage of coal (natural resources) in your region has caused your business to cut back production as well.

1.) Discuss in your groups what would be your plan to fix the issue described in the passage above?Slide3

Imperialism

Imperialism

occurs when a

strong

nation takes over a

weaker

nation or region and dominates its economic, political, or cultural life.

The stronger nation usually takes advantage of the weaker nation because the weaker nation has something (

resources

,

strategic geographic location

) the stronger nation needs.

This type of foreign policy was practiced by

European

nations and

Japan

throughout the 1800s and early 1900s

.

In every case, a nation would experience

industrialization

prior to practicing imperialism on a foreign nation or region

.

This was due to the nearly

greedy

demand for cheap

raw materials

and the need for markets to buy manufactured

goods.Slide4

Industrial Roots

Abundant

raw materials

and vast

markets

are needed in order to maintain an industrialized economy

.

Raw materials such as

iron

and

cotton

can be turned into products such as steel and textiles

.

Finally, these products need to be sold to a market in order to

turn

a

profit

.

The forces of industrialization caused nations to begin looking

outside of their borders

for

cheaper

and more abundant raw

materials.

Foreign populations were also viewed as vast markets where goods produced in domestic factories could be

sold

.Slide5

ImperialismSlide6

Causes of Imperialism

Nationalism

and

Social Darwinism

Nationalism- promotes the idea of national

superiority

.

Imperialists felt that they had a right to take control of countries that they viewed as

weaker

.

Social Darwinism was the idea of “

survival of the fittest

”, that it was natural for stronger nations to dominate weaker nations.

Military Motives

Military motives were linked to nationalism, since military power was a way to promote a nation’s goal.

Colonies

(weaker countries) could be used as

military bases

for trading and

navy

ships.

A nation with many colonies had

power

and

security

.

The more colonies a nation had, the more

powerful

they looked to the world.Slide7

Causes of Imperialism

Economic

Motives

Imperialists needed

raw materials

to supply their

factories

.

They needed

foreign markets

in which to sell their

finished products

.

They also needed places to invest their

profits

.

Colonies

could provide all of these things.

White Man’s Burden

Rudyard Kipling’s poem “

White Man’s Burden

” offered justification for imperialism.

Kipling expressed that white imperialists had a

moral duty

to

educate

people in nations they considered to be

less developed

.

Imperialists spread western

ideas

,

customs

, and

religions

to people in Africa and Asia.

Some interpreted this poem to mean that it was the duty of imperializing nations to bring western

culture

and sensibility to the

savage native populations

that were encountered in far off lands.Slide8

Summary of CausesSlide9

Summary of CausesSlide10

Admit Slip 10/22

What does the term

imperialism

mean?

Why

does this process occur? (Think about yesterday’s admit slip)

What was the imperialist relationship we learned about yesterday?

Stronger Nation

= ________________________

Weaker Nation

= _________________________Slide11
Slide12

http://study.com/academy/lesson/european-imperialism-characteristics-motives-effects.htmlSlide13

Admit Slip 10/23

Effect

of British Imperialism in India

Positives

NegativesSlide14

Imperialism in I

ndia

During the 1700s, a

joint-stock company

called the

British East India Company

was chartered by

Queen Elizabeth I

of England

.

The British East India Company

controlled most of

India

during the period of

imperialism

.

This

company controlled the

political

, social, and

economic

life in India for more than 200 years.

The company’s main objective was to make a

profit

for shareholders by exploiting the abundant

natural resources

and gaining access to the markets in

India

.

To do this, the British East India Company successfully used “

divide and conquer

” tactics to increase their control over entire regions of

India.

At the time, both

Muslims

and

Hindus

were living in India, and were employed as soldiers (Sepoys) by the British.Slide15

Sepoy Mutiny

So……..there are native peoples of India (Muslim and Hindu) fighting in the British Army.

In 1857, tensions rose when the

Sepoys

became angry at the

British military leaders

for demanding that they follow rules that were against their

religious beliefs

.

The rifle

cartridges

that were distributed to the Sepoys had to be

bitten

to remove a cover before being inserted into a gun

.

Rumors

circulated among the Sepoys that this cover had been greased with

beef

and

pork fat

.

This angered

Muslim

Sepoys who were not supposed to consume

pork

, and the

Hindu

Sepoys who were not supposed to eat

beef

.

The Sepoys

rebelled

against the British, however the Sepoys were easily defeated.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MV0fYMIvtyUSlide16

Result

The

Sepoy

Mutiny

left bitter feelings

It caused the

British

to change their Imperialistic policies.

No longer was the

British East India Company

ruling over India, now the

British Government

took direct command of India.Slide17

http://study.com/academy/lesson/european-imperialism-in-india-the-british-east-india-company.htmlSlide18

Scramble for Africa

In the 1870’s, King Leopold of

Belgium

sent a mission to the interior of

Africa

to establish

trade

agreements with leaders in Africa.

This act set off a

scramble

among other

European

powers to establish their presence in Africa.Slide19

Berlin Conference

In 1884, to avoid conflict among themselves,

European

leaders met in Berlin, Germany, to set up rules for colonizing

Africa

.

European powers

divided

Africa with

little

regard for the people who lived there, and no respect for

ethnic boundariesSlide20

Battle for Southern Africa

An

African

leader named

Shaka

Zulu

organized warriors to fight against the European slave traders and ivory hunters.

The

Zulus

, as they were called, fought against a group of Dutch farmers called the

Boers

.

The Zulus eventually came into conflict with the

British

as well.

The Zulus experienced victory in

1879

, however were crushed soon thereafter by the

British

and their superior weaponry

Other groups in Africa resisted the imperialistic efforts of the

Europeans

.

Boer War

War fought between the

British

and

Boers

(Dutch Farmers) over

land

(

B

ritish wanted to annex the Boer owned Cape Colony) Slide21

Imperialism in China

In the early 1800’s Britain was trading partners with

China

.

Britain was very dependent on

tea

, which they received from

China

.

China was

unhappy

however because Britain did not have anything of value to

trade

in exchange for the tea.

Britain had to find a product that China would view as

valuable

to continue this trade relationship

To solve this trade imbalance Britain imported

opium

, processed from poppy plants grown in the Crown Colony of India, into

China

. Slide22

Opium War

Chinese officials attempted to ban the importation of the highly addictive

opium

, but ultimately failed.

The British declared war on China in a series of conflicts called the

Opium Wars

.

Superior British

military

technology allowed them to claim victory and subject the Chinese to a series of

unequal treaties

.Slide23

Unequal Treaties

Treaty of Nanjing

According to the 1842

Treaty of Nanjing

, the Chinese were to:

Reimburse Britain for

costs

incurred fighting the Chinese

Open several

ports

to British trade

Provide Britain with complete control of

Hong Kong

Grant

extraterritoriality

to British citizens living in China

Extraterritoriality

-

A policy that guaranteed European citizens in China were only subject to the laws of their own nation and could only be tried by their own courts.Slide24

Spheres of Influence

Eventually several European nations followed suit, forcing China to sign a series of unequal treaties.

Eventually

western nations weary of governing foreign lands, established

spheres of influence

within China which guaranteed specific

trading

privileges to each nation within its respective sphere

.Slide25

Chinese Reaction

Taiping Rebellion

Chinese citizens were disgusted with the lack of effort from the Chinese government.

The government did little in

ridding China of

opium

or

foreign influence

after the Opium

Wars (spheres of influence)

Citizens were additionally angered by the

extraterritoriality

granted to non-

C

hinese citizens living in China.

Peasants became furious because of their

poverty

and the corrupt officials of the Qing and Manchu Dynasty

So…… Chinese peasants fought back in an event known as the

Taiping Rebellion

.

Taiping Rebellion

-

A revolt by the people of China against the ruling Manchu Dynasty because of their

failure

to deal effectively with the

opium

problem and the interference of

foreigners

(spheres of influence).

Slide26

Chinese Reaction

Boxer Rebellion

In 1900, in what became known as the

Boxer Rebellion

(or the Boxer Uprising), a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of

Western

and

Japanese

influence there. The rebels, referred to by Westerners as

Boxers

because they performed physical

exercises

they believed would make them able to withstand

bullets

, killed

foreigners

and Chinese

Christians

and destroyed foreign

property

. From June to August, the Boxers

invaded

the foreign district of Beijing (then called Peking), China’s capital, until an

international

force that included

American

troops subdued the uprising. By the terms of the Boxer Protocol, which officially ended the rebellion in 1901, China agreed to pay more than

$330

million in reparations

.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4QdEKjEg88