Garlic - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Garlic

By Jodell Dragon and Han NguyenSlide2

Introduction/Description

Garlic is a vegetable that belongs to the

Allium

Class.

The word garlic originated from the Anglo-Saxon word 'gar-

leac

', meaning spear leek.

“

Allium

Sativum

” is the Latin name.

Sulfur-containing compounds contribute to garlic's strong flavor and smell. Slide3

Background/History

Garlic is the oldest cultivated plant and is also the most widely researched.

Garlic has been used for food and medicine for thousands of years.

Traced back to early civilizations; Ancient India, Egypt, Rome, and Japan.

18

th

Century France during the plague outbreak.

World War I and II

Olympic games

IndiaSlide4

Common Forms

Raw

Supplemental forms:

Garlic Essential Oils

Gathered when steam passes through garlic.

Garlic Oil Macerate

Whole garlic cloves grind into vegetable oil and encapsulated.

Garlic Powder

Slicing/crushing garlic cloves, then dried and grind into a powder form.

Garlic Extract

Whole/sliced garlic cloves soaked in an alcohol solution for a certain amount of time.Slide5

Dosages

The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for general health promotion for adults:

Recommended daily doses:

2-5 grams of fresh garlic (approx. 1 clove)

0.4-1.2 grams of dried garlic powder

2-5 milligrams of garlic oil

300-1,000 milligrams of garlic extract

Follow dosage instructions on label

Personal tolerance Slide6

Side Effects

Strong breath and body odor

Allergies

Heartburn, vomiting, and diarrhea

Dermatitis and bronchial asthma

HIV drug interference

Acts as a natural blood thinnerSlide7

Alternative Therapy/Usage

Garlic is widely promoted as having medicinal properties with prevention and treatment of certain diseases.

These include:

Anticancer properties

Antimicrobial

properties

Cholesterol lowering agent

Decrease LDL cholesterol

Decrease coronary artery calcification

Decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Slide8

Garlic Powder Tablets and the Primary Prevention of CHD

Moscow Municipal Cardiology Health Center

51 patients: men and women ages 40-65 years, serum cholesterol >200 mg/dl, lipid lowering drugs, not in a high arterial pressure range

Double blinded

Randomized and placebo controlled

Two groups: one taking Allicor (tablet with 150mg of garlic powder), and the other taking a placebo

After a 12-month period, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were recorded

Results

: Men had a major decrease in LDL levels, women did too but not significant enough to be conclusive Slide9

Ajoene and Metabolic Syndrome Patients

Pilot study: to evaluate the effects of ajoene mainly on abdominal circumference and Blood Pressure

17 Japanese males avg. age of 47 years, 17 Japanese females avg. age of 49 years

4 groups: hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic, hypertensive, and visceral adiposity

3 periods of 4 weeks

1

st

period was placebo capsule (MCT)

2

nd

period .78 mg of ajoene (normal dose)

3

rd

period 2.34 mg of ajoene (3x normal dose)

Results:

Both ajoene doses showed reduction in waist circumference and blood pressure, an increase in HDL levels, and no changes for the hyperglycemic group

Slide10

Garlic Extract and Cytotoxicity

Islamic Azad University, Iran

Assess cytotoxicity of garlic extract on the Sk-mel3 cell line (malignant melanoma)

Malignant melanoma cultured on plates and treated with 6 different diluted garlic extract aqueous solutions

Incubation periods consisted of 5, 24, 48, and 72 hours

Results:

Overall each incubation period showed a decrease in cancer cell viability, with the 72-hour period being the strongest with a 92% cytotoxic level

*Could garlic extract be used as an anticancer treatment?

Slide11

Aqueous Garlic Extract and Salmonella Isolates

College of Applied Medical Sciences at Al-

Jouf

University, Saudi Arabia

Measure the growth inhibition of different

Salmonella

strains

Used strains from Tunisian foods and wastewater

Incubated in different concentrations of aqueous garlic extract

Minimal inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentrations observed

Results

: most of the salmonella strains when incubated in the aqueous garlic extract solution containing 324μg/ml of allicin were either killed or stopped growing, MIC and MBC concentrations both ranged from 10-15 mg/ml of garlic Slide12

Raw Garlic vs. Commercial Garlic Supplements

Stanford Prevention Research Center and Department of Medicine at Stanford University

Test effects of raw garlic, garlic powder, aged garlic extract potency on LDL concentration in the blood

169 people aged 30-65 years with moderately high cholesterol levels

Divided into four groups based upon specific garlic consumption

For 6 days a week for 6 months

Group 1: sandwich with garlic and placebo pills

Group 2: sandwich with no garlic and garlic powder pills

Group 3: sandwich with no garlic and AGE pills

Group 4: sandwich with no garlic and placebo pills

Results:

Tested LDL levels after each month, and levels did not lower with either raw or supplemented garlic

*only allicin observedSlide13

Discussion of Results

After reviewing several recent studies:

Garlic may really offer anticancer and antimicrobial properties

There is strong evidence garlic may be able to prevent or alleviate cardiovascular disease and risks

Garlic and cancer research needs to be tested in vivo

Further research needed on other compounds of garlic, not just allicin (not very stable) Slide14

Conclusion

Supplementation is not necessary, but with the presence of no major side effects, it wouldn’t hurt if chosen to take them

Don’t

let a little bad breath and body odor get in the way of your relationship with garlic, it is an overall very healthy ingredient to cook

withSlide15

References

Beppu

, H., Matsumoto, Y.,

Fujino

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Itani

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Sumitho

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Higashiguchi

, T.,

Chihara

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T.,…

Shimpo

, K. (2010). Evaluation of the effects of the ingestion of ajoene, a sulfur containing compound derived from oil-macerated garlic, on metabolic

paramenters

, abdominal circumference, and blood pressure in Japanese metabolic syndrome patients. A pilot study.

Journal of Analytical Bio-Science

, 33(5), 441-450.

Belguith

, H.,

Kthiri

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Chati

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Sofah

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Hamida

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of the effect of aqueous garlic extract (

Allium

sativum

) on some

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Balise

, R. R., Kraemer,

H. C. (2007). Effect of Raw Garlic

vs

Commercial Garlic

Supplments

on Plasma Lipid Concentrations in Adults with Moderate Hypercholestremia.

Archives of Internal Medicine

, 167, 346-353.

Garlic and cancer prevention

. (2008, January 22). Retrieved from

http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/factsheet/prevention/garlic-and-cancer-prevention

Hakimzadeh

, H.,

Ghazanfari

, T.,

Rahmati

, B.,

Naderimanesh

, H., (2009). Cytotoxic effect of

garlic extract and its fractions on Sk-mel3 melanoma cell line.

Immunopharmacology

and

Immunotoxicology

, 32(3), 371-375. doi:10.3109/08923970903420574

Mirunalini

, S.,

Dhamodharan

, G., &

Karthishwaran

, K. (2010). A natural wonder drug helps to prevent cancer: Garlic oil.

Notulae

Scientia

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(1), Retrieved from http://notulaebiologicae.ro/nsb/article/viewArticle/3593

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Martirosyan

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Orekhov

, A. N., (2010). The effects of time-released garlic powder tablets on multifunctional cardiovascular risk in patients with coronary artery disease. Lipids in Health and Disease, 119(9), 1-6. doi:10.1186/1476-511X-9-119

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Foods experimental perspectives.

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