Reading and Interpreting Phylogenies Review Constructing Phylogenetic Trees You are now able to construct a phylogenetic tree using character data Trees are built with shared derived characters that indicate relatedness ID: 294023
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Slide1
Tree Thinking:Reading and Interpreting PhylogeniesSlide2
Review:
Constructing Phylogenetic Trees
You are now able to construct a phylogenetic tree using character data
Trees are built with shared, derived characters that indicate relatedness
Trees illustrate degrees of relatedness
Nodes represent past divergent eventsSlide3
Learning Objectives
You should be able to:C
orrectly interpret phylogenetic trees Identify the most recent common ancestor of a given group
Draw trees that show equivalent genealogies Slide4
Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human?
Fish
Human
Equally related to both
There is not enough information to decideSlide5
Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human?
Fish
Human
Equally related to both
There is not enough information to decideSlide6
Is the frog more closely related to the fish or the human?
TimeSlide7
These two trees show the
same evolutionary history!
The frog is more closely related to the human than the fish
TimeSlide8
Free Rotation at NodesSlide9
=
What
really
matters?
Remember
Trees can be drawn in different ways
More recent common ancestorSlide10
Based on this tree, who is the horse’s closest relative?
Lizard
Seal
Tie between the lion and cat
Tie between the seal, cat, and lion
Tie between the seal and the lizard
1
2
3
4Slide11
Known relationships among the Hominoids (apes):
Humans
and chimps are each other’s closest relativesThe
closest relative of the gorilla is a tie
between humans
and chimps
The
closest relative of the orang is a tie
between humans
chimps and
gorillas
In Groups:
Draw as many trees as you can that all illustrate the SAME correct genealogical relationshipSlide12
Which tree is a
different genealogy from the other three?
B
D
C
ASlide13
Learning Objectives
You should now be able to:Correctly interpret phylogenetic trees
Identify the most recent common ancestor of a given groupDraw trees that show equivalent genealogies Slide14
Kris
Karsten
karsten@callutheran.edu
Cath
Kleier
ckleier@regis.edu
Frank Messina
frank.messina@usu.edu
Theresa Rogers
terogers@callutheran.edu
Kristin
Swihart
swihart@colorado.edu
Becky Williams
toxwilliams@gmail.com
Facilitated by: Stanley Lo
stanley-lo@northwestern.edu
Questions?Slide15
Upcoming Topics
Accurately determine relative timing of the evolution of characters of interest by mapping traits onto a treeRecognize that scientific names (taxonomy) do not always match up with evolutionary relationships (systematics)
Applications of phylogeneticsSlide16
Alignment
Learning Goal
Learning Objective
Assessment
Learning
Activity
What will students
learn
?
If they have learned it, what will students
know and be able to do
?
How will students
demonstrate they know it or are able to do it
?
What will students
do to learn it
?
Students will understand phylogenetic trees as representations of evolutionary history
Students will:
Correctly interpret phylogenetic trees
Identify the most recent common ancestor of a given group
Draw trees that show equivalent genealogies
Formative:
Will take place within each of the learning activities with feedback.
Summative:
All of the learning objectives are addressed by distinguishing between different genealogies
Students will:
Answer clicker questions on tree interpretation
Justify answers to a partner
Groups translate written summary of relationships into alternative trees